Lymphatic And Immune 2 Flashcards
Definition: Relatively rapid but nonspecific immune response and thus not always effective
Innate immune response
Definition: immunity response that is slower in its development during an initial infection with a pathogen but is highly specific and effective at attacking a variety of pathogens
Adaptive immunity
What are the two lines of defence to consider with respect to innate immune response?
- Barrier defense system
- Internal defense mechanisms
What do barrier defense systems do?
Prevent pathogens from entering the body
What does the internal defense mechanisms do?
Destroy pathogens after they enter the body and flush them out before they can establish themselves
What are the body’s most basic defense mechanisms (barrier defenses)?
Skin and mucous membranes
What is the primary barrier to the entrance of microorganisms into the body?
Skin
How does the skin prevent bacteria from entering the body?
Dead keratinized cells of the epidermis are too dry for bacteria to grow and as these cells are continuously sloughed, the bacteria and other pathogens are released with them true
T/F: sweat and other skin secretions can also lower pH, contain toxic lipids and physically dispel microbes
True
The ——- layer of the GI tract, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, eyes, ears and nose trap both microbes and debris, and facilitated their removal.
Mucus
How does the mucous layer in the upper respiratory tract help protect the body from pathogens?
Ciliated epithelial cells move potentially contaminated mucus upwards to the mouth where it is either swallowed into the digestive tract ending up in harsh acidic environment of the stomach or coughed out of the body
What are the internal innate mechanisms?
- antimicrobial substances
- natural killer cells and phagocytosis
- fever
- inflammation
How do antimicrobial substances function to discourage microbial growth?
- lymphocytes and macrophages produce interferons
- iron-binding proteins
-complement proteins - antimicrobial proteins
Definition: interferons
Produced by lymphocytes and macrophages, they attack virus infected cells by releasing antiviral proteins to disrupt virus replication
Definition: reduce microbial growth by reducing the amount of iron available
Iron-binding proteins
Definition: augmented immune responses
Complement proteins
Definition: antimicrobial proteins
Aid in killing a wide range of microbes
What line of defense comes after antimicrobial substances?
Natural killer cells and phagocytes
What is the fever we feel during the inflammatory response due to?
Resetting of our hypothalamic thermostat to a higher set point
What is the benefit of elevating our body temperature (fever)?
- elevated temps can release cytokines from the macrophages
- augments the effects of interferons which in turn inhibits growth of some microbes
- speeds up some enzymatic reactions to aid in tissue repair
T/F: inflammation is a main feature of the adaptive immune response
False, feature of the innate immune response!
Can inflammation be initiated by something other than infection?
Yes, tissue injuries!
What pathological process occurs with the inflammatory response?
The reactions brings phagocytic cells to the damaged area to clear cellular debris and set the stage for wound repair which results in heat, redness, pain, swelling, and possibly immobility in extreme cases
What are the 4 parts of the inflammatory response?
- Tissue injury
- Vasodilation
- Phagocyte emigration
- Tissue repair
