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VETM 522 > urinary > Flashcards

urinary Flashcards

1
Q

FLUTD

A

any disorder affecting urethra (male or female)

C/S- hematuria, stranguria, dysuria, pollakiuria, inappropriate urination, vocalizing, hiding

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2
Q

FLUTD causes

A

FIC most common- central threat response system
uroliths- struvite w protein
urethral plugs
behavior
neoplasia

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3
Q

FIC causes

A

obesity, anxiety/threat response, diet changes, indoor cats

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4
Q

FLUTD dx

A

min database,
UA/culture- FIC, UTI
imaging (stones)
determine cause

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5
Q

acute FLUTD tx

A

bladder stones- dissolution diet, sx

acute tx:
1. fluids
2. pain control
3. appetie stimulation
4. prazosin?
5. environment

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6
Q

urethral obstruction tx

A

reduce trauma when unblocking (sm cath) for 24-36h 6-12h post cath
epidural

monitor UOP (1-2ml/kg/h)
BP q12, BW q8h, electrolytes q12, CRE q24

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7
Q

FIC tx

A

MEMO
space, scents, play, food, l (wet food, urinary diet) litter box, WATER

consider amitriptyline for recurrent cases

PU after several obstructions

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8
Q

urinary incontinence definition, C/S, dx

A

loss of voluntary control-> leakage
different from inappropriate urination

C/S- urinary leakage, no difficulty urinating, no PU/PD

dx- hx, PE (palpate bladder)

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9
Q

causes of incontinence

A

failure of storage phase-> small bladder
(primary urethral sphincter incontinence, UTI, stones, neoplasia if spayed. young-> congenital)

voiding disorder-> incomplete emptying, residual volume, lg bladder
(flaccid-> LMN, hard-> UMN)

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10
Q

USMI

A

spayed female dogs-> most common cause of incontinence
hormonal cause (low estrogen)

dx- r/o other causes
tx- PPA q12, DES (less effective, some side effects)

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11
Q

ectopic ureters dx, tx

A

congenital-> ureters enter bladder at wrong location (mostly intramural)
goldens

dx- young age incontinence, rads w contrast, U/S, cystoscopy

tx- ureteral transplantation, laser ablation
medical

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12
Q

sm bladder incontinence causes (other than ectopic ureters)

A

pelvic bladder
patent urachus
vesicourachal diverticula
vaginal anomalies (fistulas)
UTI
prostatic disease
infiltrative bladder disease

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13
Q

lg bladder incontinence

A

LMN disease (lower spinal cord, pelvic nerves)-> no contraction of detrusor
secondary to trauma, neoplasia

sphincter is normal-> overflow incontinence (flaccid bladder)

UMN disease (higher spine)-> detrusor and sphincter work but arent synced-> firm bladder
secondary to IVDD, neoplasia, trauma

brain stem lesion

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14
Q

detrusor atony

A

flaccid lg bladder
overdistension-> damages muscle
cats w UO

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15
Q

detrusor-urethral dyssynergia

A

lack of coordination b/w detrusor and sphincter-> interrupted urine stream

tx- prazosin, diazepam

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16
Q

lg bladder incontinence tx

A

tx primary cause
manual expression
ucath
meds to relax sphincter
tx UTI

17
Q

UTI risk factors

A

females, age, urinary incontinence, uroliths, CKD, hyperthyroidism, DM, cushings

mostly single agent (e. coli or staph)

18
Q

UTI C/S, dx

A

hematuria, stranguria, dysuria, urge incontinence
systemic signs-> pyelonephritis

dx- PE, UA (pyuria)-> active sediment, bacteria

19
Q

sporadic vs recurrent UTI

A

sporadic <3 episodes
complicated if >3 episodes
recurrent bc of relapse/refractory (recessed vulva, wrong abx, stones, overweight) or reinfection (cushings, CKD, DM, neoplasia)-> need culture

20
Q

recurrent UTI dx, tx

A

CBC/chem UA
imaging, cystoscopy

screen for endocrinopathies, CKD, prostatitis, urinary incontinence

tx- 4-6wks of abx based on culture, recheck after 1wk and after tx

21
Q

UTI complications

A

polypoid cystitis (nidus of bacteria)
emphysematous cystitis
struvites
pyelonephritis

22
Q

uroliths

A

dogs: struvite or ca oxalate (females get struvite)
cats: females 50/50, males more ca oxalate

23
Q

uroliths dx

A

C/S- hematuria, stranguria, incontinence, visible stones, FLUTD symptoms
PE, CBC/chem

rads- struvites lg smooth round
ca oxalate many small stones

24
Q

struvites causes in dogs and cats, dx

A

mg ammonium phosphate
dogs: urease producing bacteria, sm breeds
crystalluria-> abnormal

cats: sterile urine, diet, crystalluria can be normal

dx- imaging, UA, cultures

25
Q

struvite tx

A

dogs: diet (urinary) w abx-> 2-6wks
cats: dissolution diet w/o abx for 7-21d, long term urinary diet, increased water consumption

26
Q

non surgical stone removal

A

voiding urohydropropulsion

retrograde urohydropropulsion

cystoscopy

lithotripsy

27
Q

ca oxalate

A

sm breed dogs, older, males
long haired cats

dx- breed screening, UA, culture, rads (opaque)

tx- removal via cystotomy, prevent w urinary diet, recheck UA q3-6m

consider adding potassium citrate, thiazides if recurring

VETM 522 (22 decks)

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