dentistry Flashcards
most common C/S of dental pain?
nothing- they will hide pain and dental disease is insidious
4 common causes of oral pain
periodontal disease, fractured teeth, tooth resorption, malocclusion
what steps are needed to assess periodontal disease?
dental probing, intraoral rads
what are the supporting structures of the teeth?
periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, gingiva
periodontal pocket
probe measurment from gingival margin-> bottom of pocket
gingival recession
cementoenamel junction-> gingival margin
total attachment loss
gingival recession + periodontal pocket
% bone loss
measure from cementoenamel junction to where bone is- should be at junction
periodontal disease staging
1- gingivitis only (no attachment loss)
2- <25% attachment loss
3- 25-50% attachment loss
4- >50% attachment loss
tx for stages of periodontal disease
1- professional cleaning
2- cleaning, root planing
3- cleaning, root planing, extraction, refer for GTR
4- extraction
how to diagnose tooth resorption
intraoral rads
what is tooth resorption?
gingiva growing over tooth-> resorption of root structure
stage vs type of lesion
stage- how deeply it penetrates the tooth
type- how it affects the roots
tooth resorption stages
1- loss of cementum/enamel
2- extends into dentin
3- extends to pulp cavity
4- loss of tooth structure
5- crown is gone
tooth resorption types
1- roots intact
2- roots resorbing
3- combination (2 rooted teeth)
pathogenesis of tooth resorption
thinning of peridontal ligament-> exposure of tooth to alveolar bone-> osteoclasts resorb tooth
FORL tx based on stage and type
stages 2-4-> extract
type 1- extract
2- crown amp
3-combination
crown amputation checklist
root resorption (being replaced)
no oropharyngeal inflammation
no endodontic disease
no advanced periodontal disease
benefits of intraoral rads
visualize entire tooth
dx
monitor tx progression
client education
minimum rads
should be full mouth or:
teeth with abnormal probing
areas w missing teeth
ANY tooth resorption
dental radiography settings
kVp and mA are fixed-> only time changes
dental rad positioning techniques
parallel or bisecting angle
parallel technique is used for:
mandibular premolars and molars
parallel technique- tooth root and film are:
parallel
bisecting angle technique is used for:
canines, incisors, maxillary premolars/molars
describe bisecting angle technique
the generator is parallel to the angle b/w the film and the tooth root
which tooth has superimposition of roots
maxillary 4th premolar-> distal root, mesial buccal and mesial palatal root
describe beam shift technique
SLOB rule: the lingual (palatal) root moves in the same direction as the beam, the buccal root goes the opposite direction of the beam
what will anterior/posterior oblique shift do to the roots?
anterior-> lingual goes forward
posterior- buccal goes forward
angulation errors
foreshortening, elongation
what do foreshortening and elongation do to the image? how to correct?
foreshortening- too straight on, lower angle of beam
elongation- too angled, need to shorten
abnormal features on dental rads
pulp canal width, alveolar bone height, periapical pathology
