endocrine disease (parathyroid, acromegaly, DI)

Question 1

effects of PTH

Answer 1

Question 2

primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 2

functional parathyroid adenoma
middle aged dogs, keeshonds
C/S: PU/PD, weakness, urinary tract signs
dx- high Ca, low P, isosthenuia/hyposthenuria, calcium oxalate stones, UTI
neck U/S, PTH levels NORMAL (should be low), negative PTHrp

tx- sx, heat/ethanol ablation

Question 3

feline hypercalcemia causes

Answer 3

neoplasia (lymphoma, SCC, retrovirus), renal disease, idiopathic

Question 4

idiopathic hypercalcemia (cats)

Answer 4

anorexia, lethargy, v+/d+, PU/PD, neuro signs

tx- alendronate, bisphosphonate 5-10mg q7d

Question 5

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 5

renal or nutritional (low Ca/P)

Question 6

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 6

lymphocytic parathyroiditis (atrophy), trauma

poodles, mini schnauzers, middle aged

C/S- abrupt intermittent neuro signs (facial rubbing, twitching, seizures

dx- ECG- bradycardia, chem (low Ca, high P)

tx- diazepam for tetany, ca gluconate, calcitriol, ca carbonate

Question 7

DDX for hypocalcemia

Answer 7

low mg, ethylene glycol, CKD, hypo ALB, pancreatitis, GI disease

Question 8

acromegaly

Answer 8

bone/tissue growth, insulin resistance-> pituitary somatotroph adenoma (GH secretion)

C/S- big head/chin, resistant DM, HCM, joint changes, neuro signs

dx- glucosuria, high BG, MI
tx- radiation, sx

Question 9

diabetes insipidus

Answer 9

central- idiopathic, congenital, rare (young)
lack of ADH-> Pu/PD
dx- r/o other causes (addisons, cushings, thyroid etc), USG <1.010, modified water deprivation test-> if USG increases-> psychogenic PD, if not CDI

nephrogenic- renal disease, toxins, hypercalcemia, pyometra