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VETM 522 > respiratory disease > Flashcards

respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical signs of nasal disease

A

nasal dc, sneezing, facial deformity

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2
Q

causes of nasal discharge (location)
what factors to consider?

A

nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx
unilateral/bilateral?
acute vs chronic

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3
Q

causes of unilateral or bilateral nasal dc

A

unilateral: FB, neoplasia, inflammatory, fungal
bilateral: systemic, infectious, neoplasia (progressed)

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4
Q

diagnostics for nasal disease

A

oral exam, aural exam, check nares for lesions, patency
culture, retroviral testing, coag tests

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5
Q

diagnostics for chronic nasal disease

A

CT, rhinoscopy, biopsy

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6
Q

types of nasal disorders

A

inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, FB structural

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7
Q

primary bacterial rhinitis

A

mucopurulent nasal dc-> uncommon
dx- culture nasal lavage/brushing

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8
Q

canine nasal aspergillosis
C/S, dx, tx

A

caused by A. fumigatus, lg dose or immune dysfunction
common in young male GSD-> mucoid nasal dc, facial pain, nasal depigmentation
dx- CT, rads, serology, rhino w biopsy/cytology
tx- debridement, topical antifungal

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9
Q

canine inflammatory rhinitis
types, C/S, dx, tx

A

lymphoplasmacytic or eosinophilic
C/S: sneezing, bilateral nasal dc, no systemic illness
dx- CT, rhino, biopsy-> need to r/o other diseases
tx- humidification, identify allergens, trial antihistamines, steroids

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10
Q

canine nasal mites
C/S. tx

A

sneezing, reverse sneezing
milbemycin oxime q7d for 3wks
ivermectin 200mcg/kg 3wks twice
selamectin q2wks X3

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11
Q

nasal foreign body
signalment, C/S

A

lg breed dogs
acute onset sneesing, pawing at face, epistaxis

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12
Q

feline upper resp disease

A

syndrome- upper resp in cats (infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, structural), URI

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13
Q

feline upper resp infection agents, transmission, C/S

A

viral- calici/herpes
mycoplasma sp, bordatella, chlamydophila, strep
resp ocular oral transmission:
FCV- contaminated environment, carrier cats
FHV- latent infection

C/S: depression, fever, oral ulceration, sneezing, conjunctivitis

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14
Q

acute FHV

A

sneezing, ocular/nasal dc, inappetence, fever, conjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis

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15
Q

upper resp bacterial infection

A

chlamydophila- conjunctivitis
mycoplasma- conjunctivitis URI
bordetella- primary nasal dc and pneumonia

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16
Q

acute resp infection approach?

A

history and C/S diagnostic, further tests not pursued

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17
Q

when to obtain further testing for acute resp infection?

A

unusual or severe signs
legal issues
detect carriers

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18
Q

acute resp infection treatment

A

self limiting
- restore fluids, nebulize
- clean nasal dc
- appetite stimulants
- lysine
- famcyclovir
- probiotics, stress management

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19
Q

when to use abx for acute resp infection? which one?

A

signs >10d, fever, anorexia w nasal dc
doxycycline first choice-> further tests if failure

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20
Q

control strategies for acute resp disease

A

increase immunity (vx), decreasing exposure

21
Q

feline chronic rhinosinusitis causes, C/S, dx, tx

A

secondary to FHV infection. hx nasal disease, recurrent dc, increases w stress

C/S- sneezing, steror, nasal dc, healthy
dx- EXCLUSION
complete oral exam, imaging, rhino, biopsy
tx- abx, air humidification, lysine, antiviral, nasal flushing if significant

22
Q

feline nasal cryptococcus
etiology? dx, tx

A

cryptococcus neoformans/gattii-> inhalation of spores-> granulomatous lesions on nasal bones, nasal cavity

dx- LCAT (serum, CSF)
cytology w india ink
tx- oral/inj antifungal 6m
check titres- prognosis good w/o neuro

23
Q

nasal planum SCC
signalment, dx, tx

A

locally invasive, white cats
dx- biopsy
tx- sx, radiation +/- chemo

24
Q

common tracheal condition types

A

functional/structural. infectious

25
Q

tracheal collapse causes and factors

A

dorsoventral flattening of tracheal rings
intra/extrathoracic trachea

worsened by obesity, chronic coughing, increased resp

26
Q

tracheal collapse signalment, C/S, dx, tx

A

sm breed dogs
goose honk cough, resp distress (cyanosis, dyspnea)

dx- rads, tracheobronchoscopy, fluoroscopy
tx- weight loss, harness, tx concurrent dz, cough suppressant (hydrocodan, torb)
sx (referral)- stent

27
Q

tracheal collapse grading

A

1- 25% collapse, circular rings
2- 50% collapse, dorsal membrane stretched
3- 75% collapse, pendulous membrane
4- 95% collapse

28
Q

tracheal collapse look alkies on rads

A

visible (redundant) tracheal membrane
superimposed esophagus

29
Q

hypoplastic trachea

A

congenital in bulldogs.
tx- treat concurrent disease (BOAS), can have good QOL

30
Q

CIRDC

A

contagious acute onset infection, URT
PI, adenovirus-2, bordetella

31
Q

CIRDC C/S, dx

A

dry hacking cough, sneezing, nasal dc, +/- fever
dx- hx, PE sample w complicated disease
tx- abx

32
Q

tracheal rupture

A

after ET intubation in cats
dx- rads, outline of esophagus
tx- monitor resp status, most heal w/o intervention

33
Q

canine chronic bronchitis
signalment, C/S

A

middle aged-older sm breed dogs
C/S- harsh cough daily >2m, +/- exercise intolerance, increased effort

34
Q

canine chronic bronchitis dx?

A

exclude other causes (heartworm testing, fecal, TXR, airway cytology/culture)

35
Q

canine chronic bronchitis tx?

A

oral pred 1mg/kg/d, taper down
fluticasone inhaler
bronchodilators, weight loss, avoid irritants, humidification

prognosis-inflammation/inflammatory mediators

36
Q

feline asthma pathogenesis

A

airway inflammation-> excessive mucous-> bronchial wall edema-> bronchoconstriction
= airway narrowing

37
Q

feline asthma dx

A

hx, C/S, exclude other dz (bronchitis, heartworm, parasitic, pneumonia)

rads- bronchial pattern, collapse of R middle, hyperinflation
definitive dx-> airway sampling (eosinophils) +culture

38
Q

feline asthma tx
emergency and chronic

A

emergency:
oxygen, sedation (torb 0.2-0.4mg/kg IV)
bronchodilator (terbutaline), albuterol
0.1mg/kg dexamethasone IV

chronic: pred 1-2mg/kg/d
fluticasone +salbutamol for flare ups

39
Q

eosinophilic lung disease

A

eosinophilic infiltration of bronchi and lungs, expected hypersensitivity response

need to r/o other eosinophilic diseases

40
Q

signalment for eosinophilic lung disease, C/S

A

young/middle aged dogs
C/S- cough, gagging, retching, nasal dc, tachypnea, exercise intolerance

41
Q

eosinophilic lung disease dx, tx

A

cbc- eosinophilia
rads- bronchial/interstitial pattern
CT- bronchial wall thickening, mucous plugs

bronchoscopy- thick mucous, granulomas increased eosinophils on airway sampling

tx- pred 1-2mg/kg/d, taper
prognosis good
deworm, remove allergens

42
Q

pneumonia types/causes

A

bacterial- bordetella, mycoplasma, pasteurella, e.coli, strep

viral- CAV-2, distemper, influenza, PI
aspiration
fungal- blastomycosis, big 4

43
Q

bacterial pneumonia presentation, C/S, dx, tx

A

unusual in healthy young pets- underlying disease (megaesophagus, FB, etc)

C/S- cough, fever, dyspnea, may be systemically ill

dx- rads (interstitial to alveolar), pleural effusion. cbc- leukocytosis, airway cytology/culture (bacteria, degenerate neutrophils)

tx- abx based on c+s 1-2 wks, IVF, oxygen, nebulize

44
Q

C/S of pleural space disease

A

tachypnea, muffled heart/lung sounds

45
Q

chylothorax

A

trauma, idiopathic, cardiac disease

predisposed in shibas, persians, older patients

dx- rads, fluid analysis w lymph, high triglycerides

tx- find underlying cause, tap, low fat diet. sx thoracic duct ligation w failed medical intervention

46
Q

complication of 3rd space disease

A

hypoprotenemia (repeated taps), infection

fibrosing pleuritis (scalloped outline, persistant dyspnea)-> lung parenchyma doesnt expand

47
Q

mediastinal mass types

A

neoplasia (lymphoma, thymoma)
abscess, cyst

48
Q

mediastinal mass C/S

A

resp compromise (pushing on lungs), decreased lung sounds, dysphagia, cough, horners, edema of head and neck

49
Q

mediastinal mass dx, tx

A

rads- widening, tracheal elevation
U/S- biopsy
CT if sx

tx- radiation, chemo, sx (neoplasia) cysts/abscess sx

VETM 522 (22 decks)

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