repro surgery Flashcards
ovarian neoplasia
can seed peritoneum
dogs:
sex cord (granulosa cell tumour)- most common, produces estrogen-> pancytopenia, estrus, CEH, pyometra
epithelial cell
germ cell- teratoma
cats: sex cord tumours most common, 50% malignant
germ cell- dysgerminomas
ovarian remnant syndrome
signs of estrus from estrogen
dx- AMH and progesterone levels
exlap 3wks after ovulation
dystocia
surgical procedure, with or without OVH
ventral midline incision-> exteriorize uterus-> incise body of uterus, milk puppies out-> double clamp umbilical vessels and resect, remove placenta
close in 2 layers (simple continuous appositional-> inverting over top)
continue w OVH, or do en bloc resection
pyometra
open or closed
long incision, gentle tissue handling, use carmalts. ligate w modified millers knot
place ligatures in cervix, take out entire uterine body
uterine neoplasia
rare, mostly leiomyosarcomas in dogs, adenocarcinoma in cats
hooded vulva
lg breed dogs, early OVH
perivulvar dermatitis, recurrent UTI
tx- vulvoplasty, episoplasty
vaginal edema
hormonal influence
tx- OVH, resect tissue
vaginal prolapse
rare, tx w manual reduction and OVH, hysteropexy
cryptorchidism
not descended after 6m
remove abdominal testes-> higher neoplasia risk
testicular neoplasia
older dogs
sertoli cell tumour-> produces estrogen (alopecia, anemia) reversible with neuter, can met (10%)
seminoma- 6-11% mets
leydig cell- produce testosterone-> perineal hernia
tx castration, scrotal ablation
hypospadias
boston terrier developmental anomaly-> incomplete urethra development
tx depends on location, extent
penile strangulation
traumatx- amputation, scrotal urethrostomy
penile neoplasia
TVT, papilloma, SCC
C/S- licking, dc
dx- PE, cytology, bipsy
tx- chemo, RT, sx
paraphimosis tx
ice, hyperosmolar solution, lube
pain control
surgery-> enlarge preputial opening, phallopexy
phimosis
inability to extrude penia
congenital vs acquired-> urine in drops or thin stream, licking
tx- enlarge preputial opening
BPH C/S, DDX
C/S- tenesmus, hematuria, ribbon like stools
DDX: prostatic cyst, prostatitis, neoplasia, abscess
prostate work up
rads- show enlargement, contrast cystourethrogram
U/S better for differentiating-> inflammation/neoplasia brighter
prostatic fluid with traumatic cath, prostatic wash
prostatitis, prostatic abscess
C/S, dx, tx
older intact dogs
BPH-> infection (e.coli)
drains out of penis, can rupture into abdomen
C/S- painful, uneven on palpation
purulent dc, anorexia, fever, lethargy
dx- leukocytosis, high ALP, ALT
tx- castration, abx (enro, TMS, chloramphenicol)
referral surgery-> marsupialization, drainage, omentalization
prostatic cyst C/S, dx, tx
C/S- incontinence, dysuria, hematuria, dyschezia
dx- PE, BW, UA, rads, abd U/s shows second bladder
tx- castration, drainage (may recoccur), surgical resection, omentalization
prostatic neoplasia types, C/S, dx, tx
adenocarcinoma in dogs, TCC in cats
aggressive cancer
C/S- dysuria, hematuria, tenesmus, pain
dx- rectal exam, BW, U/S, aspiration/cytology
tx- sx (stenting), RT, NSAIDs (palliative)
anal sacculitis
sm dogs
scooting, licking, biting, draining tract
tx- impaction- express
sacculitis- infuse w abx/steroid
abscess- incision and drainage w systemic abx
anal sacculectomy
closed: cannulate and fill, incise/ligate and remove
open: cannulate, incise and open up, remove sac and duct entirely
anal sac neoplasia
adenocarcinoma- malignant
perineal swelling, causes hypercalcemia
dx- high Ca, abd U/S shows lg LN, TXR for mets
tx- surgical excision, chemo, RT
rectal prolapse
secondary to tenesmus
reduce and place purse string for 3-5d
R&A if necrotic
perineal neoplasia
adenoma from circumanal glands (older intact males)
tx- castration, excision
perineal hernia C/S, dx, tx
loss of muscular support (external sphincter, levator ani, internal obturator)-> older male intact
C/S- perineal swelling, tenesmus constipation, stranguria (bladder retroflexion)
tx- ucath, perineal herniorrhaphy (internal obturator flap to pelvic muscles
