oncology Flashcards
why be concerned about cancer in dogs and cats
- cancer is common
- most are treatable
- expectations of pet owners
- impact on client attitudes
two big things in treating cancer:
- clearly defined tx goals
- biologic behaviour dictates tx
curative intent therapy
extends QOL, not guaranteed cure
need specific knowledge of tumour, complex therapy, short term toxicity, expensive
clinical evaluation provides 5 pieces of information
- definitive histopath diagnosis w tumour grade
- clinical stage of disease
- paraneoplastic syndromes
- concurrent medical conditions
- detailed patient baseline
palliative therapy
doesnt try to extend life, doesnt need detailed knowledge
2 major categories of cancer therapy
local disease, systemic
treat accordingly
canine lymphoma causes, presentation
genetic in boxers, goldens
environmental toxins
6-9y, multicentric, no systemic illness
canine lymphoma dx
definitive diagnosis, clinical stage, paraneoplastic syndrome, concurrent disease, baseline
canine lymphoma staging
I- single node
II- multiple nodes on one side of diaphragm
III- generalized LN
IV- stages I-III w liver/spleen
V- I-IV w BM involvment
substage a- no systemic illness
b- systemic illness
canine lymphoma tx
chemo- CHOP protocol (doxorubicin)
can have toxicity-> alopecia, GI, vascular necrosis
survival 6-14m
canine lymphoma prognosis
worse for stage IV-V, worse for substage b
B cell better prognosis, w response to therapy
feline lymphoma
feLV associated thymic
older cats GI
C/S VARY, can be anywhere-> anorexia, weight loss
feline lymphoma dx
big 5 things (dx, stage, paraneoplastic, concurrent disease, baseline)
feline lymphoma staging
I- single tumour extranodal or single area nodal
II- single tumour w regional LN, GI tumour
III- two tumour on either side of diaphragm, nonresectable abd tumour
IV- stages I-III w liver/spleen
V- I-IV w CNS, BM, or both
substages a/b-> w, w/o systemic illness
feline lymphoma tx, prognosis
chemo- survival 7m w doxorubicin (high grade)
adjunct local therapy (radiation, sx)
prognosis- feLV status, better w stage I/II, substage a
canine mast cell tumour
most common canine skin tumour, older dogs
single skin mass, rapid growth if malignant
canine MCT dx/grading
histopath grading (patnaik or kiupel)
patnaik:
I- benign
II- intermediate malignancy (80%)
III- highly malignant
canine MCT tx, prognosis
surgery-> resection curative for grade I and II
50% grade II come back
radiotherapy better for grade II
consider chemo for high risk II or III
survival <6m after sx for grade III
feline MCT forms
cutaneous, visceral
mastocytic-> older cats, most common dermal, white/pink nodules, benign
histiocytic-> young cats, pink nodules w granules, spontaneously regress in 4m-2y
50% are visceral-> older cats, more malignant
systemically ill-> splenomegaly, abd mass/effusion
feline MCT tx, prognosis
prognosis excellent for cutaneous
sx curative, submit for histopath
visceral-> splenectomy, can try chemo
prognosis worse for males, anorexia, weight loss
canine osteosarcoma
85% of bone tumours, middle aged to older dogs
lg breeds, highly malignant
C/S- lameness, swelling, pathologic fx. away from elbow, towards knee-> mets to lung
canine osteosarcoma tx
amputation of leg-> 3-4m survival
chemo- doxorubicin-> 1-2y
radiation if no amputation
feline osteosarcoma
most common in cats, less than in dogs
NOT METASTATIC
older cats, HL. lameness
feline osteosarcoma tx
aggressive resection-> amputation
no adjuvant therapy, could do radiation
excellent prognosis with sx
