Urinary Flashcards
what is hypospadia
tx?
failure of closure of male urethra
none, usually fatten fine
urine dribbling from umbilicus
possible abscessation
dx?
tx?
patent urachus
surgery
suckler cows
chronic weight loss \+/- mild pyrexia appetite usually ok dysuria blood and pus appear to come from vagina
per rectum exam: swollen painful kidneys
baldder, ureter involvement and thickening
ddx?
Pyelonephritis
tx for pyelonephritis
long course ABs
Pencillin or oxyetracyline> as excreted in kidneys!
if E.coli causing infection> amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid
pggx for pyelonephritis?
rule of thirds
1/3 get better, 1/3 get better + complications 1/3 never get better
aetiological agent pyelonephritis
Cornyebacterium renale
sometimes E.coli
signs similar to pyelonephritis
+ straining ,ore ronounced
ddx?
cystitis
tx for cystitis?
Abs as for pyelonephritis
off food, ill profuse diarrhoea generalised sub cut oedema PUPD proteinuria low plasma albumin pale swollen kidneys
not very common, usually secondary to other chronic infections
Amyloidosis
which of the following is not a haematuria Ddx
pyelonephritis cystitis urolithiasis enzootic haematuria amyloidosis bracken poisoning toxic nephrosis pyelonephritis
Amyloidosis
pancytopeania thrombocytopaenia petechiae in mouth, conjunctiva, vulva etc sub cut bruising blood clots in nose and faeces pyrexia and depression blood diarrhoea haematuria death
Dx: PME petechiae, haematuria
top ddx?
Bracken poisoning
sudden death anorexia depression bloat constipation and straining tarry diarrhoea
often after autumn storms
death usually in 4-7 days despite supportive tx
toxic nephrosis due to acorn poisoning (tannin= toxin)
tx of toxic nephrosis due to acorns
charcoal, rumenotomy, move animals off field
pyerexia jaunduce anaemia oedema fatal
vaccine available
migrating fluke> trigger spores that were dormant in liver
blacks disease (Cl haemolyticum)
pyelonephritis
1-4 weeks after calving
haemoglobinuria
low phosphorous diet, lush spring diet
older high yielding dairy cow
sudden onset pallor jaundice collapse dyspnoea death
Post parturient haemoglobinuria due to hypophosphataemia
cause of ‘red water’ in cattle UK
babesia divergens
pyrexia
anaemia
Hb uria = port wine urine
later : constipated, temp fall, anaemic/ jaundice
dx: blood smear see parasite in RBC
Babesiosis
Treatment for Babesiosis
Imizol= imidocarb
VERY long meat withold and milk withhold
meat and milk withold of imizol
213 days meat
21 days milk
prevention tx of babesiosis?
imidocarb higher dose
however need to be exposed to tick for it to work
Ram lamb 2-4 months restless abdominal pain/ kicking dysuria/ anuria preputial crystals bladder rupture > water belly
high urea and creatinine in plasma and abdominal fluid
Urolithiasis= blocked ram
usual calculi of urolithasis in rams
calcium or magnesium ammonium phosphate
dx of urolithiasis in ram lamb
Abdominal palpation: right side, up abive stifle
Distended bladder, Free fluid wave, s/c fluid – piting, colour of skinLocation indicates site of rupture
Hair of ventral abdomen: “sand” around prepucial orifice
Examination of penis – exteriorise
Sit on rump, grab pelvic flexure and push up towards prepuce, grab base of penis as it leaves prepuce
Early castrated rams sometimes retain vermiform appendage If cannot then cut down into middle of prepuce this will then allow access to feel for calculi
Ultrasonography: s/c tissue, Free fluid in abdomen – timing re bladder rupture, Bladder, Kidney – cortex/medulla ratio (pressure atrophy of cortex)
Abdominocentesis: u/s guided, sample s/c fluid also, Smell, urea test strips.
Palpate urethra per-rectum: if calculi palpable, no point doing anything more distal and probably will not re-canalise due to extent of calculi. Should feel ‘marbles’ if calculi present.
Blood sample: Urea / creatinine, Potassium, PCV, Total protein
treatment for urolithiasis in ram lamb
buscopan or xylazine> relaxant, works in 30 mins
if no bladder rupture: catheterise, flush with walpoles solution in saline
rupture: surgical repair
urethrostomy (urethra basically sticks out backwards for a few days)
drain water belly
prevent recurrence of urolithiasis in ram lamb?
urinary acidification with
- ammonium chloride (need to mix with molasses for taste)
- acid sodium phosphate
check diet for alkaline substances
is reduction in pain a good sign in urolithaisis in ram lamb?
no can mean ruptured bladder> water belly
bad
