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Farm Animal Year 4 > Cardiology and sudden death > Flashcards

Cardiology and sudden death Flashcards

1
Q

what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have:

toxaemia
salmonellosis
pasteurellosis 
malignant catarrhal fever 
infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
A

red MM

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2
Q 
what colour mucus membranes would you expect:
haemonchiosis
fascioliasis
johnes disease
sucking lice
PGE
redwater
leptospirosis
shock-RDA
heart failure 
thrombosis 
iron/copper/ cobalt deficiency
kale, nitrate, nitrite, molybdeum toxicity
A

pale mm

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3
Q

what colour mucus membranes would you expect with

respiratory failure
nitrate/nitrite toxicity
metaldehyde poisoning
congenital cardiac abnormality in calves

A

cyanosis mm

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4
Q 
what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have: 
hepatitis
haemolytic anaemia- babesia
photosensitisation
ragwort, kale, lupin, copper poisoning 
post partum
haemoglobinuria
leptospirosis
A

jaundice/ yellow mm

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5
Q

what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have:

anthrax
bracken, sweet vernal, grass poisoning, copper toxicity
leptospirosis - acute
mycotoxicosis

A

haemorrhage mm

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6
Q

distention of the jugular vein occurs in which sided heart failure?

how can you tell it has significant increased pressure?

A

R sided

stick needle in, if squirts out it is sifnificantly higher pressure than normal, indicating RCHF

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7
Q

skin tenting 2-4 secs
dry nose and mouth

what % dehydration?

A

6-8%

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8
Q

skin tenting 6-10 secs
cold extremities +/- recumbent

what % dehydration?

A

8-10%

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9
Q

skin tenting 20+ secs
comatose
shock

what % dehydration?

A

10-12%

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10
Q

what % dehydration leads to death?

A

> 12%

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11
Q

HR cattle?

A

50-80bpm

high yielders up to 95

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12
Q

HR calf?

A

100-120

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13
Q

HR of over what in a cow indicates primary cardiac disease?

A

> 120bpm

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14
Q

where to feel for pulse in cow?

A

middle coccygeal artery

external maxillary artery

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15
Q

increased amplitude of pulse in a cow indicates what?

A

aortic valve incompetence

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16
Q

decreased amplitude in pulse in a cow indicates what?

A

myocardial weakness, toxaemia, shock

17
Q

where is the jugular pulse found?

A

1/3 way up

18
Q

Cow

pyrexia, reccurent shifting polyarthritis, pain on pinch test, HR +100 and pulsation of mammary veins

right AV valve murmur

blood: neutrophil and L shift, increased fibrinogen

what cardiac condition?

A

endocarditis caused by traumatic reticulitis or metritis

19
Q

where can you ausculate heart base?

A

3rd-6th rib

20
Q

what cardiac condition caused by wire, presents with shallow breathing and abducted elbows?

A

pericarditis

21
Q

caudal vena cava thrombosis occurs secondary to which disease in cattle?

peracute: dead in pool of blood
acute: resp distress, pain, pyrexia

A

liver abscess, thrombosis between liver and right atrium

pme: enlarged liver, anaemia

22
Q

which breed of cattle is predisposed to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

holstein

peripheral oedema, jugular distension, fluid accumulation, enlargement of heart with round globose shape

23
Q

what is used to treat udder oedema

A

furosemide

24
Q

which antibiotic would be good for cardiac conditions

A

amoxicillin - long duration and high plasma conc

25
Q

when would mineralisation of the myocardium occur in cattle?

A

organomercurial (mercury) poisoning

26
Q

what is xanthosis and which breed of cattle does it most commonly occur in

A

brown pigmentation of the myocardium

ayrshire

27
Q

is fatty change in myocardium reversible?

A

yes

28
Q

foot and mouth, histophilus somni and clostridial infections apart from blackleg
vit e and selenium deficiency
saccharate iron toxicity in piglets
porcine stress syndrome

can all cause what to the heart?

A

myocardial necrosis

29
Q

what must you tell the farmer if an animal suddenly dies on farm?

A

do not move the carcuss

30
Q 
haemorrhage - injury, calving injury, abomasal ulceration 
yew tree toxicity
lightening
electrocution 
hypomagnesia
hypocalcaemia
toxaemia- metritis, mastitis
bloat
black leg - cl chauvoei
black disease- cl novyi
anthrax- baccillus anthraci

all causes of what?

A

sudden death

31
Q

cow found dead

no rigor mortis, blood not clotted- black and tarry

top ddx? what do you do

A

anthrax

call APHA and get OV vet

32
Q

which is more likely to be lightening strike or electrocution

burn down leg

burn on heart

A

down leg- lightening

heart- electrocution

33
Q

2 injectable methods on euthanasia of cow?

A

pentobarbitone

magnesium iv- sedate with xyllazine first

34
Q

if emergency slaughter, how soon does the animal need to be killed after the vet carries out the antemortem inspection on farm?

A

within 2 hours

Farm Animal Year 4 (12 decks)

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