Cardiology and sudden death Flashcards
what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have:
toxaemia salmonellosis pasteurellosis malignant catarrhal fever infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
red MM
what colour mucus membranes would you expect: haemonchiosis fascioliasis johnes disease sucking lice PGE redwater leptospirosis shock-RDA heart failure thrombosis iron/copper/ cobalt deficiency kale, nitrate, nitrite, molybdeum toxicity
pale mm
what colour mucus membranes would you expect with
respiratory failure
nitrate/nitrite toxicity
metaldehyde poisoning
congenital cardiac abnormality in calves
cyanosis mm
what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have: hepatitis haemolytic anaemia- babesia photosensitisation ragwort, kale, lupin, copper poisoning post partum haemoglobinuria leptospirosis
jaundice/ yellow mm
what colour mucus membranes would you expect with cows who have:
anthrax
bracken, sweet vernal, grass poisoning, copper toxicity
leptospirosis - acute
mycotoxicosis
haemorrhage mm
distention of the jugular vein occurs in which sided heart failure?
how can you tell it has significant increased pressure?
R sided
stick needle in, if squirts out it is sifnificantly higher pressure than normal, indicating RCHF
skin tenting 2-4 secs
dry nose and mouth
what % dehydration?
6-8%
skin tenting 6-10 secs
cold extremities +/- recumbent
what % dehydration?
8-10%
skin tenting 20+ secs
comatose
shock
what % dehydration?
10-12%
what % dehydration leads to death?
> 12%
HR cattle?
50-80bpm
high yielders up to 95
HR calf?
100-120
HR of over what in a cow indicates primary cardiac disease?
> 120bpm
where to feel for pulse in cow?
middle coccygeal artery
external maxillary artery
increased amplitude of pulse in a cow indicates what?
aortic valve incompetence
decreased amplitude in pulse in a cow indicates what?
myocardial weakness, toxaemia, shock
where is the jugular pulse found?
1/3 way up
Cow
pyrexia, reccurent shifting polyarthritis, pain on pinch test, HR +100 and pulsation of mammary veins
right AV valve murmur
blood: neutrophil and L shift, increased fibrinogen
what cardiac condition?
endocarditis caused by traumatic reticulitis or metritis
where can you ausculate heart base?
3rd-6th rib
what cardiac condition caused by wire, presents with shallow breathing and abducted elbows?
pericarditis
caudal vena cava thrombosis occurs secondary to which disease in cattle?
peracute: dead in pool of blood
acute: resp distress, pain, pyrexia
liver abscess, thrombosis between liver and right atrium
pme: enlarged liver, anaemia
which breed of cattle is predisposed to dilated cardiomyopathy?
holstein
peripheral oedema, jugular distension, fluid accumulation, enlargement of heart with round globose shape
what is used to treat udder oedema
furosemide
which antibiotic would be good for cardiac conditions
amoxicillin - long duration and high plasma conc
when would mineralisation of the myocardium occur in cattle?
organomercurial (mercury) poisoning
what is xanthosis and which breed of cattle does it most commonly occur in
brown pigmentation of the myocardium
ayrshire
is fatty change in myocardium reversible?
yes
foot and mouth, histophilus somni and clostridial infections apart from blackleg
vit e and selenium deficiency
saccharate iron toxicity in piglets
porcine stress syndrome
can all cause what to the heart?
myocardial necrosis
what must you tell the farmer if an animal suddenly dies on farm?
do not move the carcuss
haemorrhage - injury, calving injury, abomasal ulceration yew tree toxicity lightening electrocution hypomagnesia hypocalcaemia toxaemia- metritis, mastitis bloat black leg - cl chauvoei black disease- cl novyi anthrax- baccillus anthraci
all causes of what?
sudden death
cow found dead
no rigor mortis, blood not clotted- black and tarry
top ddx? what do you do
anthrax
call APHA and get OV vet
which is more likely to be lightening strike or electrocution
burn down leg
burn on heart
down leg- lightening
heart- electrocution
2 injectable methods on euthanasia of cow?
pentobarbitone
magnesium iv- sedate with xyllazine first
if emergency slaughter, how soon does the animal need to be killed after the vet carries out the antemortem inspection on farm?
within 2 hours
