Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Farm Animal Year 4 > Lameness > Flashcards

Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 claw horn disruption lesions?

A

Sole haemorrhage/ bruising
Sole ulcer
White line lesion/ abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which CHDL is caused from pressure on pedal bone or external pressure esp when soles are thin

A

sole bruising/ haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which CHDL is a more severe manifestation of sole bruising, can leads to disrupted sole horn production and exposure of the corium

A

sole ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which CHDL is associated with shearing/ sideways forces on feet

A

white line lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why are cows that are about to calf more likely to get CHDLs?

A

relaxin and oestrogen > increases laxity of 3rd phalanx

lower BCS >

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 aetiology factors of CHDL

A

excessive movement of third phalanx

reduced digital cushion

claw horn overgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

best BCS to reduce chance of lameness?

A

2-2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

skin overgrowth, only painful if infected
mechanical changes makes cows appear lame
removal under regional anaesthesia if painful
caused by chronic skin irritation and is hereditary

which non infectious cause of lameness is this

A

interdigital hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

asc with over wear or over trimming of toe sole
trim/ block unaffected claw

which non infectious cause of lameness is this

A

toe ulcer/ necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
not always painful, exposed corium + granulation tissue 
trimming 
black unaffected claw
stabilise hoof wall 
'sandcrack'

which non infectious cause of lameness is this

A

vertical wall crack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

starts from previous lesion (foul in foot, sole ulcers), extremely painful
amputation or euthanasia

A

deep digital sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

abscess above heel bulb
one claw, extensive painful swelling of the heel region of a single digit

which non infectious cause of lameness is this

A

retroarticular abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dorsal edge of claw wall deviates from straight line

which non infectious cause of lameness is this

A

corkscrew claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reduced forward stride if indicative of

upper or lower limb pain?

A

upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

would the stride length of the good or bad leg be shortened in upper limb pain?

A

stride length of good leg is shortened to lessen the time the bad leg is weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

head bobs up if

front leg pain
back leg pain

A

front leg pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

calf unable to flatten digits
asc with position in utero, manganese deficiency
treated by manual straightening on leg + splint and cast
tenonectomy

A

tendon contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

history of sudden force/ trauma, hypophosphataemia if bilateral
angle of hock is more acute, hip to hock much straighter

A

gastrocnemius rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

commonly from bull from mounting or cows at point of oestrus when riding
Acute lameness, becoming intermittent, joint effusion, crepitus

A

rupture of anterior cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

leg in full extension intermittently, progressing to pull time
tx: cut medial patellar ligament on both legs

A

patellar fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

young animal asc with
Ca, P, Cu deficiency

stiffness/ recumbency, bone distorsion, swelling/ joint epiphysis and pain

A

Osteodystrophy (rickets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adult cow

stiffness/ recumbency, bone distorsion, swelling/ joint epiphysis and pain

A

osteodystrophy (osteoporosis and osteomalacia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cow, young and fast growing, just turned out to field/ increased activity

lameness, stilted gait

dyspnoea if thoracic muscles affected
sudden death if cardiac muscles affected

asc with vit E and selenium deficiency

A

white muscle disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hereford, charlais, angus and galloways

3m-2 years

bilateral, stifle outwards, hock in, fetlock out

mild inflam and protein increase on joint tap

A

Hip dysplasia

dorsal acetabulum and femeroal head erosion

25
Q

focal necrosis cartilage vessels, particularly in skull and C1 (skull joint) and stifle

A

osteochondrosis

26
Q

growing animal
severe and progressuce ongoing from osteochondrosis

affects

DIJ in calves
fetlock, carpus and tarsus in adults

ddx?
tx?

A

degenerative joint disease

amputation of claw

27
Q

decreased anterior phase of walking and swelling of greater trochanter
crepitus when walking

cranial dorsal most common, can still be walking at this point
caudal ventral, puts pressure on obturator nerve, more severe

dorsal caudal and cranioventral forms rare

ddx?
tx?

A

hip dislocation

closed reduction (replace leg back into acetabulum ring and hold there)

28
Q

disconspongylitis can occur from what?

A

septic arthritis

29
Q

what is a hygroma

A

swelling over bony joints

herd issue

30
Q

define arthrotomy

A

digital amputation

31
Q

define arthrodesis

A

joint fusion

32
Q

what surgical treatment is indicated with

Deep digital sepsis/ septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint

Complications with – if not treated in time: 
Sole ulcer
White line abscesses
Foul in the foot
Penetrating injuries

Retroarticular abscesse

Non healing wall lesions- white line lesions that get re infected with digital dermatitis bacteria

Toe necrosis

A

Arthrotomy

33
Q

what surgical treatment is indicated with

pain with mobility, alternative to amputation
o Chronic infection
o Arthritis

A

arthrodesis

34
Q

is this method 1,2 or 3 of arthrotomy

disarticulation of proximal interphalangeal joint

A

method 1

35
Q

is this method 1,2 or 3 of arthrotomy

not indicated as small part of P2 left, which causes complications

A

method 2

36
Q

is this method 1,2 or 3 of arthrotomy

uses embryotomy wire
good method as it is faster and easier

A

method 3

37
Q

is this an evaluation of arthrotomy or arthrodesis of digits

Remaining cartilages not thought to cause problems
Less painful

Reduces life span

A

arthrotomy

38
Q

is this an evaluation of arthrotomy or arthrodesis of digits
increases lifespan
more stable
hurts more

A

arthrodesis

39
Q

Which infectious foot conditions is caused by:

Treponemes spps

A

Bovine Digital Dermatitis

aet: Treponemes: T. medium-like, T. phagedenis-like. T. pedis

40
Q

Which infectious foot conditions is caused by:

Fusobacterium Necrophorum and Bacteriodes melaninogenicus

A

Bovine foul in the foot

41
Q

4 infectious foot conditions causing lameness

A

Bovine Digital Dermatitis
Bovine Foul in the Foot
Interdigital Dermatitis
Heel horn erosion

42
Q

Which infectious foot conditions is caused by:

Dichelobacter nodosus

A

Interdigital dermatitis

43
Q

Which infectious foot conditions is caused by:

progressive destruction of the heel

A

heel horn erosion

44
Q

Which infectious foot condition

  • Painful reddened area usually just above interdigital cleft between the heel bulbs
  • Erected hair around lesions sometimes
  • Very painful lameness.
  • Reduced milk yields and reproduction

how would you diagnose this condition

A

bovine digital dermatitis

silver nitrate staining to see bacteria treponemes (characteristic spiral shape)

visual lameness and lesion score

45
Q

which stage (M0-M4) of bovine digital dermatitis is this

Normal digital skin without signs of digital dermatitis

A

M0

46
Q

which stage (M0-M4) of bovine digital dermatitis is this

Early small <2cm diameter lesion circumscribed red to grey epithelial defect that proceeds the acute M2 stage

A

M1

47
Q

which stage (M0-M4) of bovine digital dermatitis is this

Acute, active ulceration (bright red) or granulomatous (red to grey) digital skin alteration. >2cm in diameter.

A

M2

48
Q

which stage (M0-M4) of bovine digital dermatitis is this

Healing stage within one or two days of tropical treatment, the acute lesion is covered with a firm scab like material.

A

M3

49
Q

which stage (M0-M4) of bovine digital dermatitis is this

Late chronic lesions that may be dyskaraotic (mostly thickened epithelium) or proliferative or both. The proliferation may be filamentous, scab like or mass proliferation.

Can have Chronic lesion with subacute components
Chronic, appearance of hairy wart

A

M4

50
Q

treatment for bovine digital dermatitis

A 
clean and dry lesion
topical AB tetracycline blue spray 
salicylic acid powder 
NSAIDs
no IM antibiotic due to milk withhold
51
Q

3 main chemicals used in footbaths

which are bad for environment
which can cause hardening of foot and may be carcinogenic?

A

formalin - hardening
zinc sulphate - bad Enviro
copper sulphate - bad Enviro

52
Q

3 main chemicals used in footbaths

which are bad for environment
which can cause hardening of foot and may be carcinogenic?

A

formalin - hardening
zinc sulphate - bad Enviro
copper sulphate - bad Enviro

53
Q

Which infectious foot condition

  • sudden onset of acute severe lameness- very painful
  • animal holds leg up to relieve pressure
  • swelling of interdigital space, whole foot can be swollen, necrosis of skin, characteristic smell
  • fever, anorexia
  • reduced milk yield
A

Bovine foul in the foot

Interdigital phlegmon/ Interdigital necrobacillosis/ Infectious pododermatitis

54
Q

treatment for bovine foul in the foot

A

clean and remove necrotic material
3 day systemic penicllin, oxytetracyclin or macrolide
topical not effective

55
Q

Which infectious foot condition:

no swelling
mild pain
not very lame
less severe than foul in the foot, lesion between digits

A

interdigital dermatitis

56
Q

how to treat heel horn erosion?

A

foot trimming and topical antibiotic treatment

57
Q

Prevalence of lameness in national dairy herd?

A

20-36.8%

58
Q

what is the cow comfort quotient

A

no of cows using cubicles correctly/ number of cows using cubicles

Farm Animal Year 4 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions