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Farm Animal Year 4 > Mastitis > Flashcards

Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:

mild changes in milk

A

grade 1

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2
Q

Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:

acute changes in milk, udder hot and painful

A

grade 2 A

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3
Q

Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:

chronic changes in milk, udder hard and lumpy

A

Grade 2 C

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4
Q

Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:

Changes in milk and udder, cow is systemically sick

A

Grade 3

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5
Q

Environmental or Contagion mastitis pathogen

Staphylococcus aureus 
Streptococcus dysgalactaie
Streptococcus agalactiae
Coagulase negative staph spp
Mycoplasma spp
A

contagion

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6
Q

Environmental or Contagion mastitis pathogen

Streptococcus uberis

E.coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

environmental

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7
Q

Which type of mastitis is this:

increase of somatic cell count number
changes in milk yield and quality
no visible clinical signs

A

subclinical

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8
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?

most common, subclinical common
grade 3= gangrenous and deep abscesses.
v difficult to tx

blood agar white rings and haemolysis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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9
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?

not persistent infection, subclinical and grades 1+2 most common
tx: penicillin

blood agar pin prick colonies and non haemolytic

A

streptococcus agalactiae

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10
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?

persisten infection
in summer mastitis complex
diagnostic teat damage
pencillin responsive

edwards medium
pin prick and green haemolysis

A

streptococcus dysgalactiae

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11
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?

very contagious, destroys aleveolar epithelium» loss of quarter

also causes infertility, metritis, pneuomia&raquo_space; so dont give milk to calves

non responsive to penicillin
hard to culture

A

Mycoplasma bovis and calciformicum

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12
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?

travels up teat and causes vascular and secretory tissue damage
(control is to allow teat sphincter to close/keep clean)

grade 3, orange milk

cx: downer cow post calving
vaccine: startvac

blood agar, white cream colonies +/- haemolysis

A

E.coli

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13
Q

which mastitis pathogen is this?
persistent and subclinical
adheres to mammary epithelium&raquo_space; avoids immune system

control= cull chronic cases

edwards medium brown colonies and haemolytic

A

Streptococcus uberus

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14
Q

What pathogens are involved in summer mastitis complex

vector for transmission?

at risk animals ?

A

D. dysgalactiae and T pyogenes (used for C and s)

vector: hydrotea irritans

dry cows and heifers in summer

Hot, hard, swollen udder with thick purulent secretion
Lameness and systemic illness possible
Mild cases do occur and are only noticed as cow calved down with blind teat end or with a mild case of mastitis from which T. Pyogenes is cultured

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15
Q

What does start vac protect against?

A

S. aureus

Coliforms and coagulase negative staphlococcu

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16
Q

what does UBAD vaccine protect against

A

Streptococcus uberis

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17
Q

teat warts, staph aureus likes to proliferate and cause mastitis

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

Bovine pappilomatosis

self cures most of time, can remove by ligation/surgery/cryosurgery

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18
Q

painful circular or horseshoe shape scabs
caused by parapox virus
spreads through herd and can reocur months later

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

Pseudo cowpox

pre milk teat dipping (PMTD)

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19
Q

very painful vesicle- ulcer
often whole teat
heals v slowly - 6 weeks
life long immunity

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

Bovine herpes mammilitis

acyclovir antiviral, milk last to avoid spread

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20
Q

painful vesicles, ulcers, scabs, weeks to heal
last seen in 1978

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

cow pox

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21
Q

black discolouration of teat
damage to teat end+ secondary infection with fusobacterium necrophorum
common

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

black spot
topical abs, teat canula

check milk machine for excess vaccum causing teat end eversion

22
Q

pustular lesions on teat and udder skin
can spread to humans
caused by staphylococcus aureus

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

udder/teat impetigo

PMTD, aseptic udder cream

23
Q

non pigmented skin (white) affected
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

photosensitisation

sunblock, NSAIDs, keep indoors

24
Q

caused by poor teat skin care, worn teat liners, calves suckling

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

chapped teats

emollients, teat canula

change liners every 2500 milkinga

25
Q

caused by excessive vacuum, overmilking, faulty liners,

everted teat ends and degrees of keratosis
- graded normal, smooth, rough and very rough

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

hyperkeratosis

26
Q

what degrees of keratosis increase risk of mastitis

A

rough or very rough

27
Q

Pedunculated granuloma attached to wall of teat canal, blocking milk flow

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

Teat pea

removal via hudson spiral / mosquito forcep removal

ABs to prevent mastitis

28
Q

usually occurs secondary to trauma,
has guarded prognosis as scar tissue may reform
treated by inserting small knife and rotating + resting with canula + im antibiotics for 3-5 days

Which teat lesion is this
treatment?

A

teat stenosis

29
Q

with blind teats, how should you treat

  • if no milk:
  • if milk:
A
  • if no milk: leave as cannot open

- if milk: treat as per stenosis as lesion is in canal

30
Q

should you suture a superficial wound on teat?

A

no, use tape or glue

31
Q

at what age does LA required to remove supernumerary teat (inherited condition)?

A

> 2 months

ONLY REMOVE IF CERTAIN ITS SUPERNUMERARY

32
Q

does pre milking teat dipping protect against environmental or contagion pathogens?

A

environmental

33
Q

does post milking teat dipping protect against environmental or contagion pathogens?

A

contagion

34
Q

4 components of teat dips

A

disinfectants: iodine/ chlorhexidine/ lactic acid
emollients: ianolin, glycerine for skin condition
dye
sticking agents

35
Q

what is the correct order to milk cows

A

least likely to be infected to most likely

heifers> fresh calvers> high yielder> low yielders> high somatic cell count cows> mastitis cows

36
Q

if staphylococcus aureus is present, what should be done in the parlour wash up routine?

A

hot wash ( > 60) every milking

37
Q

What are the following housing indexes?

CCI
SUI
SSI

A

CCI = cow comfort index= no cows correctly in cubical/ no cows in cubicle X100

SUI= stall use time 
SSI= stall standing time
38
Q

what is a bulk tank bactoscan?

A

count of bacteria in bulk tank milk

> 50000 exclused from supermarket until below 50000 for 3 months

39
Q

what is the california mastitis test?

A

quick milk SCC test

40
Q

interpretation of individual cell counts

A
  • <100,000 cells/ml = no infection likely
  • 100-200,000 cells/ml = likely one infected quarter with minor pathogen
  • > 200,000 cells.ml = infected quarter with major pathogen
  • If bulk milk tank >400,000 there is a risk the dairy will not collect the milk
41
Q

treatment options for Strep aureus and uberis during lactation

A

intramammary cloaxacillin for 6 days

tylosin systemic

(staph aureus penicillin resistant)

42
Q

bulk milk tank over ? > cells/ml then risk dairy will not accept the milk

A

400,000

43
Q

which mastitis pathogens are penicillin sensitive

A

Strep agalactiae and dysgalactiae

44
Q

cow calved last night, this morning is dull off food, unwilling to stand

HR 105bpm
no rumen turnover
bedding is moist
painful udder and dehydrated, toxaemia, septicaemia,

A

toxic mastitis - oft e.coli

45
Q

tx for toxic mastitis?

A

oxytocin to strip down

fluids (if HR > 100bpm)

antibiotics systemic IV and local

46
Q

NSAIDs for mastitis

A 
Flunixin 
Ketoprofen
Tolfenamic acid 
meloxicam 
carprofen
47
Q

which NSAID used for mastitis has a milk withhold of 5 days?

A

Meloxicam

48
Q

which NSAIDs used for mastitis have no milk withold?

A

ketoprofen and carprofen

49
Q

which NSAIDs used for mastitis have milk withold of 12-48 hours

A

flunixin

50
Q

which NSAIDs used for mastitis have with hold for fist milking?

A

tolfenamic acid

Farm Animal Year 4 (12 decks)

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