Mastitis Flashcards
Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:
mild changes in milk
grade 1
Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:
acute changes in milk, udder hot and painful
grade 2 A
Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:
chronic changes in milk, udder hard and lumpy
Grade 2 C
Which grade of clinical mastitis is this:
Changes in milk and udder, cow is systemically sick
Grade 3
Environmental or Contagion mastitis pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus dysgalactaie Streptococcus agalactiae Coagulase negative staph spp Mycoplasma spp
contagion
Environmental or Contagion mastitis pathogen
Streptococcus uberis
E.coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
environmental
Which type of mastitis is this:
increase of somatic cell count number
changes in milk yield and quality
no visible clinical signs
subclinical
which mastitis pathogen is this?
most common, subclinical common
grade 3= gangrenous and deep abscesses.
v difficult to tx
blood agar white rings and haemolysis
Staphylococcus aureus
which mastitis pathogen is this?
not persistent infection, subclinical and grades 1+2 most common
tx: penicillin
blood agar pin prick colonies and non haemolytic
streptococcus agalactiae
which mastitis pathogen is this?
persisten infection
in summer mastitis complex
diagnostic teat damage
pencillin responsive
edwards medium
pin prick and green haemolysis
streptococcus dysgalactiae
which mastitis pathogen is this?
very contagious, destroys aleveolar epithelium» loss of quarter
also causes infertility, metritis, pneuomia»_space; so dont give milk to calves
non responsive to penicillin
hard to culture
Mycoplasma bovis and calciformicum
which mastitis pathogen is this?
travels up teat and causes vascular and secretory tissue damage
(control is to allow teat sphincter to close/keep clean)
grade 3, orange milk
cx: downer cow post calving
vaccine: startvac
blood agar, white cream colonies +/- haemolysis
E.coli
which mastitis pathogen is this?
persistent and subclinical
adheres to mammary epithelium»_space; avoids immune system
control= cull chronic cases
edwards medium brown colonies and haemolytic
Streptococcus uberus
What pathogens are involved in summer mastitis complex
vector for transmission?
at risk animals ?
D. dysgalactiae and T pyogenes (used for C and s)
vector: hydrotea irritans
dry cows and heifers in summer
Hot, hard, swollen udder with thick purulent secretion
Lameness and systemic illness possible
Mild cases do occur and are only noticed as cow calved down with blind teat end or with a mild case of mastitis from which T. Pyogenes is cultured
What does start vac protect against?
S. aureus
Coliforms and coagulase negative staphlococcu
what does UBAD vaccine protect against
Streptococcus uberis
teat warts, staph aureus likes to proliferate and cause mastitis
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
Bovine pappilomatosis
self cures most of time, can remove by ligation/surgery/cryosurgery
painful circular or horseshoe shape scabs
caused by parapox virus
spreads through herd and can reocur months later
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
Pseudo cowpox
pre milk teat dipping (PMTD)
very painful vesicle- ulcer
often whole teat
heals v slowly - 6 weeks
life long immunity
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
Bovine herpes mammilitis
acyclovir antiviral, milk last to avoid spread
painful vesicles, ulcers, scabs, weeks to heal
last seen in 1978
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
cow pox
black discolouration of teat
damage to teat end+ secondary infection with fusobacterium necrophorum
common
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
black spot
topical abs, teat canula
check milk machine for excess vaccum causing teat end eversion
pustular lesions on teat and udder skin
can spread to humans
caused by staphylococcus aureus
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
udder/teat impetigo
PMTD, aseptic udder cream
non pigmented skin (white) affected
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
photosensitisation
sunblock, NSAIDs, keep indoors
caused by poor teat skin care, worn teat liners, calves suckling
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
chapped teats
emollients, teat canula
change liners every 2500 milkinga
caused by excessive vacuum, overmilking, faulty liners,
everted teat ends and degrees of keratosis
- graded normal, smooth, rough and very rough
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
hyperkeratosis
what degrees of keratosis increase risk of mastitis
rough or very rough
Pedunculated granuloma attached to wall of teat canal, blocking milk flow
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
Teat pea
removal via hudson spiral / mosquito forcep removal
ABs to prevent mastitis
usually occurs secondary to trauma,
has guarded prognosis as scar tissue may reform
treated by inserting small knife and rotating + resting with canula + im antibiotics for 3-5 days
Which teat lesion is this
treatment?
teat stenosis
with blind teats, how should you treat
- if no milk:
- if milk:
- if no milk: leave as cannot open
- if milk: treat as per stenosis as lesion is in canal
should you suture a superficial wound on teat?
no, use tape or glue
at what age does LA required to remove supernumerary teat (inherited condition)?
> 2 months
ONLY REMOVE IF CERTAIN ITS SUPERNUMERARY
does pre milking teat dipping protect against environmental or contagion pathogens?
environmental
does post milking teat dipping protect against environmental or contagion pathogens?
contagion
4 components of teat dips
disinfectants: iodine/ chlorhexidine/ lactic acid
emollients: ianolin, glycerine for skin condition
dye
sticking agents
what is the correct order to milk cows
least likely to be infected to most likely
heifers> fresh calvers> high yielder> low yielders> high somatic cell count cows> mastitis cows
if staphylococcus aureus is present, what should be done in the parlour wash up routine?
hot wash ( > 60) every milking
What are the following housing indexes?
CCI
SUI
SSI
CCI = cow comfort index= no cows correctly in cubical/ no cows in cubicle X100
SUI= stall use time SSI= stall standing time
what is a bulk tank bactoscan?
count of bacteria in bulk tank milk
> 50000 exclused from supermarket until below 50000 for 3 months
what is the california mastitis test?
quick milk SCC test
interpretation of individual cell counts
- <100,000 cells/ml = no infection likely
- 100-200,000 cells/ml = likely one infected quarter with minor pathogen
- > 200,000 cells.ml = infected quarter with major pathogen
- If bulk milk tank >400,000 there is a risk the dairy will not collect the milk
treatment options for Strep aureus and uberis during lactation
intramammary cloaxacillin for 6 days
tylosin systemic
(staph aureus penicillin resistant)
bulk milk tank over ? > cells/ml then risk dairy will not accept the milk
400,000
which mastitis pathogens are penicillin sensitive
Strep agalactiae and dysgalactiae
cow calved last night, this morning is dull off food, unwilling to stand
HR 105bpm
no rumen turnover
bedding is moist
painful udder and dehydrated, toxaemia, septicaemia,
toxic mastitis - oft e.coli
tx for toxic mastitis?
oxytocin to strip down
fluids (if HR > 100bpm)
antibiotics systemic IV and local
NSAIDs for mastitis
Flunixin Ketoprofen Tolfenamic acid meloxicam carprofen
which NSAID used for mastitis has a milk withhold of 5 days?
Meloxicam
which NSAIDs used for mastitis have no milk withold?
ketoprofen and carprofen
which NSAIDs used for mastitis have milk withold of 12-48 hours
flunixin
which NSAIDs used for mastitis have with hold for fist milking?
tolfenamic acid
