Urinary 1 Flashcards
What does the urinary system consist of
Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Kidneys
Paired bean shaped
Located retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall
Where is the left kidney located
It is located at the level of the transverse processes of T12-L3
What is superiority related to the kidney
Suprarenal glands
Relations of kidney : Anteriorly , right
Liver , duodenum ,ascending colon ,hepatic flexure ,jejun
Relations of kidney : anteriorly ,left
Spleen , splenic flexure ,stomach ,pancreas ,descending colon and jejunum
Kidney relation : posteriorly
12th rib ,diaphragm,psoas major ,quadratus lumborum ,transversus abdominus muscle ,iliohyogastric and ilioinguinal nerves .
Functions of kidney
Excretion of metabolic waste from the body
Regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body
Regulation of the body’s acid base balance
Synthesis of the hormone erythropoietin
Production of active vitamin D
Renal hilum
Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis of the ureter
What are the layers of connective tissue
Renal capsule
Perineal fat
Renal fascia
Renal fascia
A layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys and supradrenal glands
Anchors kidney to surrounding structures
What does the renal fascia divide the fat surrounding the kidney into
Two layers of fat :
Perirenal fat : located btw the fascia and renal capsule
Pararenal fat : located outside the renal fascia
Renal fascia posteriorly :
Fuses with deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the body wall
Renal fascia anteriorly
Forms a thick layer that fuses with the peritoneum
Nephroptosis (floating kidney )
Weakness in fascia can result in the kidney dropping down into pelvis when in a standing position
Perinephric fat
Surrounds kidneys suprarenal glands and is continuous with the fat in the renal sinus
Paranephric fat
External to the renal fascia
Renal capsule
A tough fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney
Directly covers the renal cortex
The renal capsule protects the kidney from trauma and damage ,also penetrates the renal parenchyma to form trabeculae that lobulate kidneys
Path of urine drainage
Collecting duct Papillary duct Minor clayx Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder
Renal medulla
Darker in color striated appearance composed of 8 -16 renal pyramids
What perforated the papilla
Ducts of Bellini
Renal sinus
Is a cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal pelvis ,calyces ,blood vessels ,nerves and fat
Renal pelvis
Is the expanded upper end of the ureter
Lies within the renal sinus
Gives rise to 3-4 major calyxs ( gives rise to minor )
Minor calyx
Associated with renal pyramid
Cup shaped and surrounds a renal papilla
Receives urine from the renal papilla for the passage into the ureter and bladder
What drains the kidneys
Renal veins
Left renal vein
Longer than the right
Passes anterior to the aorta
Receives the Lt suprarenal vein and Lt gonadal vein
Right renal vein
Passes posterior to the second part of the duodenum and head of the pancreas
The kidneys are interested by
Renal plexus
Nerve supply : renal plexus comprises of :
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Visceral afferent nerve fibers
Ureter
A muscular tube extending from renal pelvis to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
Passes anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery before descending into the pelvis
What are the 3 constrictions along the ureter
Uretropelvic junction
Where it crosses the pelvic brim
Where it pierces the bladder wall
Urinary bladder
Hollow muscular organ
What muscle is the bladder made of
Smooth muscle - detrusor muscle
Trigone
Triangular region made of smooth mucus membrane
No folds in mucosa
Mesodermal in origin
Difference between an empty and full bladder
Empty - 4 sided pyramid , resides in pelvis
Full - ovoid ; protrudes anteriorly and superiorly into the abdominal cavity
Bladder interior : ureter
Open into inferolateral aspect of bladder
Bladder interior ; urethra
Commences as the neck of the bladder as the internal urethral orfice
Internal urethral sphincter
Located at the neck of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
Autonomic innervation
Sphincter urethras
Ass. With membranous urethra
Skeletal muscle
Innervated by pudenal n .
Where is the bladder in males
The bladder is anterior to the seminal vesicles and prostate
Urethra in females length
3.75 cm
Length of urethra in males
20 cm
Male urethra is divided into 4 parts
Pre prostatic Prostatic (anterior half of prostate ) Membranous (deep perineal pouch ) Spongy Penile ( longest ) (contains openings for bulbourethral glands )
