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Anatomy And Physiology > Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Urinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system consist of

A

Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

Kidneys

A

Paired bean shaped

Located retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall

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3
Q

Where is the left kidney located

A

It is located at the level of the transverse processes of T12-L3

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4
Q

What is superiority related to the kidney

A

Suprarenal glands

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5
Q

Relations of kidney : Anteriorly , right

A

Liver , duodenum ,ascending colon ,hepatic flexure ,jejun

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6
Q

Relations of kidney : anteriorly ,left

A

Spleen , splenic flexure ,stomach ,pancreas ,descending colon and jejunum

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7
Q

Kidney relation : posteriorly

A

12th rib ,diaphragm,psoas major ,quadratus lumborum ,transversus abdominus muscle ,iliohyogastric and ilioinguinal nerves .

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8
Q

Functions of kidney

A

Excretion of metabolic waste from the body
Regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body
Regulation of the body’s acid base balance
Synthesis of the hormone erythropoietin
Production of active vitamin D

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9
Q

Renal hilum

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis of the ureter

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10
Q

What are the layers of connective tissue

A

Renal capsule
Perineal fat
Renal fascia

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11
Q

Renal fascia

A

A layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys and supradrenal glands
Anchors kidney to surrounding structures

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12
Q

What does the renal fascia divide the fat surrounding the kidney into

A

Two layers of fat :
Perirenal fat : located btw the fascia and renal capsule
Pararenal fat : located outside the renal fascia

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13
Q

Renal fascia posteriorly :

A

Fuses with deep fascia surrounding the muscles of the body wall

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14
Q

Renal fascia anteriorly

A

Forms a thick layer that fuses with the peritoneum

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15
Q

Nephroptosis (floating kidney )

A

Weakness in fascia can result in the kidney dropping down into pelvis when in a standing position

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16
Q

Perinephric fat

A

Surrounds kidneys suprarenal glands and is continuous with the fat in the renal sinus

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17
Q

Paranephric fat

A

External to the renal fascia

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18
Q

Renal capsule

A

A tough fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney
Directly covers the renal cortex
The renal capsule protects the kidney from trauma and damage ,also penetrates the renal parenchyma to form trabeculae that lobulate kidneys

19
Q

Path of urine drainage

A 
Collecting duct 
Papillary duct 
Minor clayx 
Renal pelvis 
Ureter 
Urinary bladder
20
Q

Renal medulla

A

Darker in color striated appearance composed of 8 -16 renal pyramids

21
Q

What perforated the papilla

A

Ducts of Bellini

22
Q

Renal sinus

A

Is a cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal pelvis ,calyces ,blood vessels ,nerves and fat

23
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Is the expanded upper end of the ureter
Lies within the renal sinus
Gives rise to 3-4 major calyxs ( gives rise to minor )

24
Q

Minor calyx

A

Associated with renal pyramid
Cup shaped and surrounds a renal papilla
Receives urine from the renal papilla for the passage into the ureter and bladder

25
Q

What drains the kidneys

A

Renal veins

26
Q

Left renal vein

A

Longer than the right
Passes anterior to the aorta
Receives the Lt suprarenal vein and Lt gonadal vein

27
Q

Right renal vein

A

Passes posterior to the second part of the duodenum and head of the pancreas

28
Q

The kidneys are interested by

A

Renal plexus

29
Q

Nerve supply : renal plexus comprises of :

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Visceral afferent nerve fibers

30
Q

Ureter

A

A muscular tube extending from renal pelvis to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
Passes anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery before descending into the pelvis

31
Q

What are the 3 constrictions along the ureter

A

Uretropelvic junction
Where it crosses the pelvic brim
Where it pierces the bladder wall

32
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow muscular organ

33
Q

What muscle is the bladder made of

A

Smooth muscle - detrusor muscle

34
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular region made of smooth mucus membrane
No folds in mucosa
Mesodermal in origin

35
Q

Difference between an empty and full bladder

A

Empty - 4 sided pyramid , resides in pelvis

Full - ovoid ; protrudes anteriorly and superiorly into the abdominal cavity

36
Q

Bladder interior : ureter

A

Open into inferolateral aspect of bladder

37
Q

Bladder interior ; urethra

A

Commences as the neck of the bladder as the internal urethral orfice

38
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

Located at the neck of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
Autonomic innervation

39
Q

Sphincter urethras

A

Ass. With membranous urethra
Skeletal muscle
Innervated by pudenal n .

40
Q

Where is the bladder in males

A

The bladder is anterior to the seminal vesicles and prostate

41
Q

Urethra in females length

A

3.75 cm

42
Q

Length of urethra in males

A

20 cm

43
Q

Male urethra is divided into 4 parts

A 
Pre prostatic 
Prostatic (anterior half of prostate ) 
Membranous (deep perineal pouch ) 
Spongy Penile ( longest ) (contains openings for bulbourethral glands )

Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

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