Female reproductive Flashcards
Ovaries function
Produce secondary oocytes and progesterone ,estrogen,inhibin,relaxin
Uterine tubes function
Transports the secondary oocyte to the uterus it’s the site of fertilization
Uterus function
Site of implantation and development of fetus during pregnancy ,inner lining sheds during menstruation
Vagina function
Receives the penis and is the passageway for childbirth
Mammary glands function
Synthesis and and secrete and eject milk to nourish the newborn
Ovarian ligament
Anchors ovaries to uterus
Suspensory ligament
Attached ovaries to pelvic wall
What type of epithelium is in the ovary
Germinal epithelium
Cortex of ovary
CT and ovarian follicles
Medulla of ovary
Contains blood vessels ,lymphatic and nerves
Where do the right ovarian vein end
IVC
Where do the left ovarian left veins end
Left renal vein
Where do ovarian arteries direct branches from
Abdominal aorta
Where does the lymphatic drainage end
In the later,a aortic lymph nodes
Ovarian cancer symptoms
Asymptotic- early stages ,abdominal discomfort ,heartburn ,nausea , loss of appetite, bloating and flatulence
Later stages - enlarged abdomen , abdominal or pelvic pain ,persistent GI disturbances ,urinary complications ,menstrual irregularities, heavy menstrual bleeding
What are the parts of the Fallopian tubes in order after ovulation
Fimbria ,infundibulum ,ampulla ,isthmus
What are the cells inside the uterine tube
Ciliated Columnar epithelial cells and peg cells (non ciliated )
3 parts of the uterus
Fundus
Body
Cervix
The three layers of the uterine wall
Outer perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Stratum functionalis function
Lost if the pregnancy does not occur
Stratum basalis
Retained during menstruation
Provides stem cells for stratum functionalis
What is the normal position of the uterus
Anteverted (cervix bent over vagina ) and ante-flexed (body of uterus bent over cervix )
What supports the uterus
Pelvic floor muscles
Transverse cervical ligament
Uterosacral ligaments
Round ligaments of the uterus
What is a uterine prolapse
It involves the loss of support by the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments and the pelvic floor muscles ,they can longer counteract typical intra abdominal pressures
What are the indications of an episiotomy
Very large fetus
Breech presentation
Abnormal fetal heart rate
Forceps delivery
Where do the veins of the uterus drain
They drain to the ovarian and internal iliac veins
Where do the arteries of the uterus drain
Internal iliac arteries
Hysterectomy can be complete ,partial ,radical or subtotal what stress the indications
Uterine fibroids Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometriosis Excessive uterine bleeding Cancer of the cervix ,uterus or ovaries
What are the symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer
Symptoms is abnormal vagina bleeding and risk factors is HPV infection Smoking immunosuppression being overweight
What are the treatments for cervical cancer
Surgery,Cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Describe the three layers of the vagina
Mucosa -non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria -vagina does not contain glands
Muscularis -Two layers of smooth muscle – – inner circulation and outer longitudinal
Adventitia - Loose connective tissue that anchors vagina to surroundings
Clitoris
Sensitive ,erectile organ located where the lips of the labia minora meet
How many lobes does the compound tubuloaveolar glands
12-25
Fibrocystic change of the breast
30-50 years
Not cancer
Due to hormonal stimulation of the breast tissue
Results in dilated fluid filled acini strong abundance and strong abundance
Small cyst and nodules are formed leading to painful and lumpy breast
Breast cancer risk factors
Female , advancing age ,positive family history ,increased exposure to endogenous estrogen ,nulliparity ,delayed childbearing ,prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy ,alcohol ,
Give the four phases of the female reproductive cycle and the rough day guideline
Menstrual phase ( day 1-5 )
Preovulatory phase (6-13 )
Ovulation (day 14 )
Post ovulatory phase (day 15-28 )
GnRH stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH what do these hormones do
They stimulate follicles to secrete estrogen
Surge of LH from anterior pituitary gland stimulates
Stimulates the ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
Follicular development order
Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary follicle Mature follicle Ovulated secondary oocyte
Function of estrogen
Female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
Increases protein anabolism
Lowers blood cholesterol
Inhibits the release of GnRH ,LH and FSH
Progesterone
Secreted by corpus luteum
Prepares endometrium for implantation
Inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH
Relaxin
Produced by corpus luteum
Relaxes uterus by inhibiting contraction of myometrium
Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix
Inhibin
Secretes by granulosa cells of growing follicles and corpus luteum
Inhibits FSH and LH
What does the corpus luteum become if the oocyte is not fertilized
Corpus albicans
What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is fertilized
The hCG produced by chorion of the embryonic about 8 days after fertilization stimulates corpus luteum
