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Anatomy And Physiology > Female reproductive > Flashcards

Female reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries function

A

Produce secondary oocytes and progesterone ,estrogen,inhibin,relaxin

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2
Q

Uterine tubes function

A

Transports the secondary oocyte to the uterus it’s the site of fertilization

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3
Q

Uterus function

A

Site of implantation and development of fetus during pregnancy ,inner lining sheds during menstruation

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4
Q

Vagina function

A

Receives the penis and is the passageway for childbirth

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5
Q

Mammary glands function

A

Synthesis and and secrete and eject milk to nourish the newborn

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6
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

Anchors ovaries to uterus

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7
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

Attached ovaries to pelvic wall

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is in the ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

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9
Q

Cortex of ovary

A

CT and ovarian follicles

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10
Q

Medulla of ovary

A

Contains blood vessels ,lymphatic and nerves

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11
Q

Where do the right ovarian vein end

A

IVC

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12
Q

Where do the left ovarian left veins end

A

Left renal vein

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13
Q

Where do ovarian arteries direct branches from

A

Abdominal aorta

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14
Q

Where does the lymphatic drainage end

A

In the later,a aortic lymph nodes

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15
Q

Ovarian cancer symptoms

A

Asymptotic- early stages ,abdominal discomfort ,heartburn ,nausea , loss of appetite, bloating and flatulence

Later stages - enlarged abdomen , abdominal or pelvic pain ,persistent GI disturbances ,urinary complications ,menstrual irregularities, heavy menstrual bleeding

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16
Q

What are the parts of the Fallopian tubes in order after ovulation

A

Fimbria ,infundibulum ,ampulla ,isthmus

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17
Q

What are the cells inside the uterine tube

A

Ciliated Columnar epithelial cells and peg cells (non ciliated )

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18
Q

3 parts of the uterus

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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19
Q

The three layers of the uterine wall

A

Outer perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

20
Q

Stratum functionalis function

A

Lost if the pregnancy does not occur

21
Q

Stratum basalis

A

Retained during menstruation

Provides stem cells for stratum functionalis

22
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus

A

Anteverted (cervix bent over vagina ) and ante-flexed (body of uterus bent over cervix )

23
Q

What supports the uterus

A

Pelvic floor muscles
Transverse cervical ligament
Uterosacral ligaments
Round ligaments of the uterus

24
Q

What is a uterine prolapse

A

It involves the loss of support by the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments and the pelvic floor muscles ,they can longer counteract typical intra abdominal pressures

25
Q

What are the indications of an episiotomy

A

Very large fetus
Breech presentation
Abnormal fetal heart rate
Forceps delivery

26
Q

Where do the veins of the uterus drain

A

They drain to the ovarian and internal iliac veins

27
Q

Where do the arteries of the uterus drain

A

Internal iliac arteries

28
Q

Hysterectomy can be complete ,partial ,radical or subtotal what stress the indications

A 
Uterine fibroids 
Pelvic inflammatory disease 
Endometriosis 
Excessive uterine bleeding 
Cancer of the cervix ,uterus or ovaries
29
Q

What are the symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer

A

Symptoms is abnormal vagina bleeding and risk factors is HPV infection Smoking immunosuppression being overweight

30
Q

What are the treatments for cervical cancer

A

Surgery,Cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

31
Q

Describe the three layers of the vagina

A

Mucosa -non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria -vagina does not contain glands
Muscularis -Two layers of smooth muscle – – inner circulation and outer longitudinal
Adventitia - Loose connective tissue that anchors vagina to surroundings

32
Q

Clitoris

A

Sensitive ,erectile organ located where the lips of the labia minora meet

33
Q

How many lobes does the compound tubuloaveolar glands

A

12-25

34
Q

Fibrocystic change of the breast

A

30-50 years
Not cancer
Due to hormonal stimulation of the breast tissue
Results in dilated fluid filled acini strong abundance and strong abundance
Small cyst and nodules are formed leading to painful and lumpy breast

35
Q

Breast cancer risk factors

A

Female , advancing age ,positive family history ,increased exposure to endogenous estrogen ,nulliparity ,delayed childbearing ,prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy ,alcohol ,

36
Q

Give the four phases of the female reproductive cycle and the rough day guideline

A

Menstrual phase ( day 1-5 )
Preovulatory phase (6-13 )
Ovulation (day 14 )
Post ovulatory phase (day 15-28 )

37
Q

GnRH stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH what do these hormones do

A

They stimulate follicles to secrete estrogen

38
Q

Surge of LH from anterior pituitary gland stimulates

A

Stimulates the ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

39
Q

Follicular development order

A 
Primordial follicle 
Primary follicle 
Secondary follicle 
Mature follicle 
Ovulated secondary oocyte
40
Q

Function of estrogen

A

Female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
Increases protein anabolism
Lowers blood cholesterol
Inhibits the release of GnRH ,LH and FSH

41
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by corpus luteum
Prepares endometrium for implantation
Inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH

42
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced by corpus luteum
Relaxes uterus by inhibiting contraction of myometrium
Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates uterine cervix

43
Q

Inhibin

A

Secretes by granulosa cells of growing follicles and corpus luteum
Inhibits FSH and LH

44
Q

What does the corpus luteum become if the oocyte is not fertilized

A

Corpus albicans

45
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is fertilized

A

The hCG produced by chorion of the embryonic about 8 days after fertilization stimulates corpus luteum

Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

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