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Anatomy And Physiology > Integument System > Flashcards

Integument System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ in body

A

Skin

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2
Q

Where is the thickest epidermis

A

Palms and soles

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3
Q

Thickest dermis

A

Back

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4
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protection
Containment
Sensation
Temperature regulations

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5
Q

Stratum Corneum of the epidermis (1)

A

Most superficial 20-30 cells
Makes most of the thickness of epidermis
Cells are dead and flattened and always being replaced

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6
Q

Stratum lucidum (2)

A

Clear layer
Mostly keratinocytes
Only present in thick skin

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7
Q

Stratum granulosum(3)

A

3-5 layers of cells
Cells are starting to die
Waterproofing - lamellated granules
Toughness - keratohyalinegranules form keratin fibrils

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8
Q

Stratum spinosum (4)

A

Gets nourishment from the dermis

More division occurs here

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9
Q

Stratum basale (5)

A

Deepest layer of epidermis
Nourishment - vascular tissue in dermis
Contains stem cells that divide daughter cells and are pushed to the surface

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10
Q

Epidermis features

A

Avascular
Keratinized (keratin toughens skin ,keratinocytes age and produce keratin )
Contains melanocytes (produce dark pigment called melanin )

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11
Q

What percent of cells on epidermis are keratinocytes

A

90

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12
Q

How frequently is epidermis replaces

A

Every month

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13
Q

Dermis contains nerve endings for ?

A 
Pain 
Pressure 
Touch 
Temp 
Vibration
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14
Q

What are the main structural components of dermis

A

Collagen
Elastin
Derail papillae

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15
Q

Collagen

A

Responsible for skins strength

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16
Q

How are collagen and elastin are laid down and why

A

Multi directionally , this allows them to respond to stretching and pulling without damage

17
Q

Hypodermics (subcutaneous layer )

A

Loose CT
Contains adipocytes
Anchors dermis to muscle and bone
Cutaneous nerves ,arteries and veins supplying skin

18
Q

Merocrine ( eccrine ) sweat glands

A

Connect to surface of skin by coiled duct
Deep in dermis
All most all over the surface of the body especially palms and soles

19
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Anchored deep In the dermis
Open into hair follicles
Location : armpit ,genital area ,nipples of the breast

20
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Most open into hair follicles
Can occur on hairless areas ( lips ,inside mouth )
Most numerous on face and scalp (produce sebum which lubricates scalp and hair )
Not found in soles and palms or the top of feet

21
Q

Ceremonious glands

A

Modified sweat glands

Located in the ear canal

22
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Can pul hair shaft into an upright position

23
Q

Hair color

A

This is due to melanocytesin produced by the bulb of the hair follicle and then incorporated into the keratinocytes that form the hair

24
Q 
Explain these hair colors 
Dark 
Blonde or red 
Gray 
White
A

Dark - true melanin
Blonde / red - melanin that contains sulfur and iron
Gray - melanocytes age and lose the enzyme that produces melanin
White - air bubbles become incorporated into the growing hair

25
Q

How does hair texture result

A

From the shale of the hair shaft

26
Q

How does straight hair appear

A

Appears round in cross section

27
Q

How does wavy hair appear in CS

A

Oval In shape

28
Q

How does curly hair appear in cross section

A

Elliptical or kidney shaped

29
Q

How do nails grow

A

Nails grow as epidermal cells below the nail root and transform into hard nail cells that accumulate at the base of the nail , pushing yhe rest of the nail forward

30
Q

Where do nails come from

A

Stratum corneum

31
Q

Lunula

A

Cuticle - white part that occurs because of the underlying epidermis that does not contain blood vessels

32
Q

First degree burn portion (sunburn )

A

Epidermis

33
Q

Second degree burn layers (blisters )

A

Epidermis and dermis

34
Q

Third degree burn layers

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layers

35
Q

How does acne form (4 steps )

A
  1. hair follicle becomes blocked ( keratin contains dead cells )
  2. sebum is prevented from reaching the surface of the skin
  3. bacteria that normally live In the hair follicle break down the sebum behind the blockage
  4. thus produces chemicals that cause inflammation in the surrounding skin
36
Q

Stretch marks

A

Occur with rapid size increase
Due to damage of collagen fibers in the dermis
Fade but never go away

Anatomy And Physiology (8 decks)

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