urinalysis interpretation (geekymeds) Flashcards
1
Q
what does glucose indicate
A
- diabetes
- pregnancy
- renal tubular disease
- some diabetes medication
2
Q
what does conjugated bilirubin indicate
A
- biliary obstruction eg pancreatic cancer
3
Q
what does ketones indicate
A
- diabetes
- pregnancy
- low carb diets
- starvation
4
Q
normal range for specific gravity
A
1.002-1.935mOsm
5
Q
what is normal pH range
A
4.5-8
6
Q
what causes low pH
A
- starvation
- diabetes ketoacidosis
- other conditions that cause acidosis
7
Q
what does high pH mean
A
- UTI
- conditions that cause alkalosis
- medications
8
Q
what does unconjugated bilirubin indicate
A
nothing its present in normal conditions
9
Q
what does blood in urine indicate
A
- renal conditions
- vasculitis
- infection
- catheters
10
Q
what does leucocytes indicate
A
UTI
11
Q
what do nitrites indicate
A
infection
12
Q
what does protein in urine indicate
A
- UTI
- diabetes
- pregnancy
- glomerular damage
- nephrosis
13
Q
what does high specific gravity mean
A
- dehydration
- diarrhoea
- heart failure
- renal issues
14
Q
what does urobillogen indicate
A
- liver disease
can be increased in condition associated with elevated nitrite levels
