urethral sx

Question 1

What is the most common developmental abnormality of the male genitalia?

Answer 1

Hypospadia- incomplete formation of penile urethra

Question 2

What breed is predisposed to hypospadia?

Answer 2

boston terriers

Question 3

What is the term for when there is protrusion of the urethral mucosa through an orifice- most commonly the distal terminal urethra level

Answer 3

urethral prolapse

Question 4

What breeds are predisposed to urethral prolapse?

Answer 4

Brachycephalic dogs

Question 5

What are CS of a urethral prolapse?

Answer 5

bleeding from prepuce, licking, red-purple mass

Question 6

What is the most common cause of urethral trauma?

Answer 6

Iatrogenic- catheterization

Question 7

What are the CS of urethral trauma?

Answer 7

hematuria, stranguria, abdominal fluid accumulation, signs of azotemia

Question 8

What is a dx test that reveals location and severity of urethral trauma?

Answer 8

Positive contrast urethrogram

Question 9

What is the minimum time that a catheter stays in a patient with urethral trauma?

Answer 9

3 weeks minimum

Question 10

What suture type should be used in urethral sx?

Answer 10

Monofilament absorbable suture

Question 11

What location does urethral obstruction occur in dogs vs. cats and what is the obstruction caused by?

Answer 11

Dogs- ischial arch/os penis, stones

Cats- distal 1/3 of urethra (mucous plugs, crystals and stones)

Question 12

What is focused on in terms of tx pre-op for urethral obstruction patients?

Answer 12

Correction of hyperkalemia and acidosis

Question 13

How is retrograde hydropopulsion performed in dogs?

Answer 13

Perform a rectal to locate stone- compress urethra through the rectal wall and pass the catheter up to the point of the stone. Next inject saline and relieve compression. Goal is to push stone back into bladder

Question 14

How is retrograde hydropropulsion performed in cats?

Answer 14

Catheterize urethra (terminal urethra most common from smallest diameter) and blockage is dislodged (stiff catheter)

Question 15

What procedure is performed to prevent reoccurrence if prevention of urethral obstruction isn’t possible- permanent opening formed?

Answer 15

Urethrostomy

Question 16

Where are the four urethrostomy locations in a dog?

Answer 16

Scrotal, prescrotal, antepubic and perineal

Question 17

What is the more superficial urethrostomy procedure done in dogs?

Answer 17

Scrotal- less hemorrhage and urine scald.

Question 18

What urethrostomy procedure is never performed on a blocked cat?

Answer 18

Perineal- damage to distal urethra or recurrent LUTD

Question 19

What is a urethrotomy?

Answer 19

Temporary opening into urethra made when calculi cannot be hydropropulsed

Question 20

What is the most common urethrotomy performed in dos?

Answer 20

Prescrotal