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SA Sx > Intestinal Sx-Exam 2 > Flashcards

Intestinal Sx-Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What fluids are used to tx hypovolemia pre-intestinal surgery?

A

Crystalloids and colloids

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2
Q

What is an antibiotic that is used for prophylaxis in intestinal sx?

A

Cefazolin 22 mg/kg

20-30 minutes prior incision

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3
Q

What are some standard criteria for viable intestine?

A 
Pink
Moist
Pulsation of mesenteric vessels
Bleeding from cut surface
Peristalsis (pinch test)
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4
Q

What type of suture should be used for intestinal sx?

A

Monofilament absorbable

Don’t use non-absorbable because this allows for foreign bodies to attach to suture

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5
Q

What layer must be penetrated when suturing intestines?

A

SUBMUCOSA- this is the holding layer

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6
Q

What is the suture pattern recommended for primary healing?

A

Appositional pattern-simple interrupted/continuous

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7
Q

Which suture pattern minimizes eversion?

A

Modified-gambee pattern

Doesn’t take full bite of mucosa

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8
Q

What size sample is taken for an intestinal biopsy?

A

3-4 mm wide sample

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9
Q

What side of the intestine will you perform a biopsy on?

A

Anti-mesenteric border

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10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of a small intestinal obstruction?

A

Distention of bowel proximal (oral) and unaffected aboral

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11
Q

What locations would be involved in a proximal intestinal obstruction?

A

Duodenum or proximal jejunum

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12
Q

What locations would be involved in a distal intestinal obstruction?

A

Distal jejunum/ileum/ileocecal junction

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13
Q

What will be seen on rads in a patient with small intestinal obstruction?

A

Dilated intestinal loops
Plicated intestinal loops
Radiopaque foreign body

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14
Q

What is the typical signalment for linear foreign bodies?

A 
Young animals (cats>dogs)
Sewing thread, yarn or string
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15
Q

When do CS appear in a patient with a linear foreign body?

A

When FB becomes fixed at some point cranially (around tongue or @ pylorus)

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16
Q

WHere does the FB need to be freed from initially and what is performed if at pylorus?

A

Free from base of tongue

Perform gastrotomy

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17
Q

What border of intestine should be examined for perforations?

A

Mesenteric border

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18
Q

What is a complication of linear foreign body sx?

A

Short bowel syndrome w/ extensive resections

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19
Q

Where should a FB be removed?

A

Enterotomy aboral to FB on anti-mesenteric border

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20
Q

Why is the enterotomy performed aboral to FB?

A

The tissue is healthier making closing quicker

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21
Q

What should be performed if there is nonviable tissue?

A

Resection and anastamosis

22
Q

What are two underlying causes of intussusception?

A

Parasitism or Parvovirus

23
Q

What are the three common areas for intussusception?

A

Ileocolic
Jejuno-jejunal
Cecum

24
Q

What is the signalment for intussusception?

A

young puppies

25
Q

What is noticed on US in a patient with intussusception?

A 
Target lesion (transverse plane)
Onion like appearance
26
Q

What is the sx managment for intussusception?

A

Manual reduction
Resection/Anastomosis
Enteroplication

27
Q

What are three complications of enteroplication?

A

Obstruction
Strangulation
Perforation

28
Q

What are CS in a patient w/ cecal inversion?

A

Chronic diarrhea w/ hematochezia

29
Q

What is typhlectomy?

A

Removal of cecum

30
Q

What breed is seen to get mesenteric volvulus?

A

GSD

31
Q

What are some CS of mesenteric volvulus?

A

Acute abdominal distention and pain, v+ and shock

Non-responsive OG intubation

32
Q

What is a cause for concern when tx the mesenteric volvulus?

A

Reperfusion injury

33
Q

Where do you begin anastamosis for mesenteric volvulus?

A

Mesenteric border

cut at an angle to account for 10-20% narrowing occurring during healing

34
Q

What can be wrapped around intestines to help with healing?

A

Omentum

35
Q

What are three differences in SI vs. LI?

A

LI: higher bacterial population
Healing: 3-4 day lag period, collagenolysis, wound strength 75% normal at 4 months- slower
Blood supply: vasa recta; maintain tissue perfusion

36
Q

When is a colotomy indiated?

A

FB removal
Impacted feces
Bx

37
Q

What are the closure options for colotomy?

A

Longitudinal

Single layer, simple interrupted, appositional

38
Q

What is the term for permanent adhesion between colon and abdominal wall?

A

Colopexy

39
Q

Which side should colopexy’s be performed?

A

L side

40
Q

What are the indications for a colopexy?

A

Recurrent/retal prolapse

41
Q

What species most commonly has megacolon?

A

Cats

42
Q

What is congenital megacolon?

A

Aganglionic distal colonic segment-absence of inhibitory neurons=functional obstruction

43
Q

What breed cats commonly get the neurological megacolon?

A

Manx cats

44
Q

What is the primary/idiopathic form of megacolon?

A

Dysfunciton of colonic smooth muscle

45
Q

What is the go to tx for megacolon?

A

Medical therapy first- diet, hydration, enemas, prokinetic drugs (cisapride) or stool softeners (lactulose)

46
Q

When should sx management be performed in a cat with megacolon and what is the sx?

A

When medical management fails

Colectomy

47
Q

What are the three areas of colectomy?

A

Colocolonic anastamosis
Ileocolic anastomosis
Jejunocolic anastomosis

48
Q

Which two colectomy methods remove the ileocecal valve and which one preserves the ileocecal valve?

A

Removes: ileocolic anastomosis & jejunocolic anastomosis
Preserve: colocolonic anastomosis

49
Q

What is seen if you preserve the ileocecal valve?

A

Prevention of bacterial overgrowth and increased tension at anastomosis

50
Q

What are some complications that can occur following intestinal sx?

A 
Ileus
Adhesions
Obstruction
Dehiscence
Peritonitis
Short bowel syndrome
51
Q

What are four risk factors for dehiscence after sx?

A

FB/Trauma
Pre-operative albumin <2.5 g/dL
Post-op peritonitits
Post-op rise in band neutrophils

SA Sx (22 decks)

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