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SA Sx > BAS > Flashcards

BAS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the commonly recognized breeds of BAS?

A

English bulldog, french bulldog, pug, shih tzu, boston terrier, boxer and peckingese
BRACHY BREEDS

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2
Q

What are the commonly recognized cat breeds of BAS?

A

Persian and Himalayan

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3
Q

What is the cause of the mild to severe dyspnea in a BAS case?

A

Stenotic nares
Stenotic nares –> medial collapse and partial occlusion of external nares –>restricted airflow –> greater inspiratory effort needed –> dyspnea

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of collapse of surrounding tissues in the trachea?

A

Intratracheal and intrapharyngeal pressures can become high enough to cause surrounding tissues to collapse

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5
Q

What is the most common component of BAS?

A

Elongated soft palate

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6
Q

What is the general pathophysiology of BAS?

A

Higher negative pressures to overcome obstruction –> secondary soft tissue changes (edema, hyperplasia, collapse) –> decreased air flow with increased obstruction

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7
Q

What are the four components of BAS?

A

Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Everted laryngeal saccules/Stage I collapse
Hypoplastic trachea

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8
Q

What is the common signalment of BAS patient?

A

2-3 years of age, male, asymptomatic (young)

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9
Q

What are CS of a mild BAS patient?

A

Exercise intolerance
Increased noise
Reverse sneezing
GI signs

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10
Q

What are CS of severe BAS patient?

A 
Severe upper airway swelling
Hyperthermia
Cyanosis
GI 
Lower airway disease- non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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11
Q

What is the normal distance that the epiglottis should overlap the palate by?

A

1-2 mm

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12
Q

What is the major CS in a patient with an elongated soft palate

A

STERTOR

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13
Q

What are the two stages of laryngeal collapse?

A

1: everted laryngeal saccules

2. collapse of cuneiform cartilage

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14
Q

What breed do you commonly see hypoplastic trachea in?

A

English bulldogs

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15
Q

T/F: There is a curative tx for hypoplastic trachea?

A

FALSE

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16
Q

What CS occurs secondary to aerophagia associated with open mouth breathing?

A

Gastrointestinal comorbidities

17
Q

What dx tests are used for BAS?

A

Thoracic rads
Blood work
Upper airway exam

18
Q

What drugs should be avoided when performing an upper airway exam?

A 
Ketamine
Diazepam
Large doses of pure mu agonists
ACP
They all affect laryngeal function
19
Q

What is the order of the upper airway exam?

A

Tonsils –> soft palate –> nasopharynx –> arytenoid cartilages –>evaluate nares

20
Q

When is sx necessary for a BAS patient?

A

When any component of BAS is present

21
Q

How is aspiration prevented in upper airway surgeries?

A

Gauze packing of larynx to prevent aspiration

22
Q

What type of soft palate resection surgery may increase post-op swelling?

A

Electrosurgery

23
Q

What are the landmarks of a soft palate resection surgery?

A

Tip of epiglottis and caudal margin/midpoint of tonsils

24
Q

What is the most preferred soft palate resection sx?

A

Cut and Sew technique: amputate soft palate to midline with scissors on one side and suture to midline, amputate remaining palate and suture

25
Q

What soft palate resection procedure do we worry about flammability?

A

Laser

Pros of this sx option is rapid, virtually no blood loss, minimal post-op inflammation and reduced discomfort

26
Q

Describe a palatoplasty

A

Used when a very soft palate is being resected

Excise part of oropharyngeal soft palate and underlying muscle –> shortened and thinned palate

27
Q

What are acute and chronic complications of soft palate resection?

A

Acute: hemorrhage and inflammation
Chronic: undershortening

28
Q

What are complications that arise from overshortening the soft palate?

A

Nasal reflux and aspiration

29
Q

How are everted laryngeal saccules corrected?

A

Excision with scissors and heals by second intention

30
Q

What is the tx for stenotic nares?

A

Wedge resection (horizontal, vertical, dorsolateral)
Amputation of alar wing
Alapexy

31
Q

What procedures are performed for stage II laryngeal collapse?

A

Parital arytenoidectomy and ventriculochordectomy

32
Q

What procedures are performed for stage III laryngeal collapse?

A

Permanent tracheostomy to provide adequate airway

33
Q

What is the analgesic commonly used post-op

A

Buprenorphine

34
Q

T/F: After correction of BAS components in an english bulldog, you can tell the owner that pudgy’s snoring will finally be resolved

A

FALSE

SNORING NEVER STOPS- you did this to yourself and chose that breed

35
Q

What do english bulldogs commonly die from?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

36
Q

What is a staphylectomy?

A

Soft palate reduction surgery

SA Sx (22 decks)

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