BAS Flashcards
What are the commonly recognized breeds of BAS?
English bulldog, french bulldog, pug, shih tzu, boston terrier, boxer and peckingese
BRACHY BREEDS
What are the commonly recognized cat breeds of BAS?
Persian and Himalayan
What is the cause of the mild to severe dyspnea in a BAS case?
Stenotic nares
Stenotic nares –> medial collapse and partial occlusion of external nares –>restricted airflow –> greater inspiratory effort needed –> dyspnea
What is the pathophysiology of collapse of surrounding tissues in the trachea?
Intratracheal and intrapharyngeal pressures can become high enough to cause surrounding tissues to collapse
What is the most common component of BAS?
Elongated soft palate
What is the general pathophysiology of BAS?
Higher negative pressures to overcome obstruction –> secondary soft tissue changes (edema, hyperplasia, collapse) –> decreased air flow with increased obstruction
What are the four components of BAS?
Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Everted laryngeal saccules/Stage I collapse
Hypoplastic trachea
What is the common signalment of BAS patient?
2-3 years of age, male, asymptomatic (young)
What are CS of a mild BAS patient?
Exercise intolerance
Increased noise
Reverse sneezing
GI signs
What are CS of severe BAS patient?
Severe upper airway swelling Hyperthermia Cyanosis GI Lower airway disease- non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
What is the normal distance that the epiglottis should overlap the palate by?
1-2 mm
What is the major CS in a patient with an elongated soft palate
STERTOR
What are the two stages of laryngeal collapse?
1: everted laryngeal saccules
2. collapse of cuneiform cartilage
What breed do you commonly see hypoplastic trachea in?
English bulldogs
T/F: There is a curative tx for hypoplastic trachea?
FALSE
What CS occurs secondary to aerophagia associated with open mouth breathing?
Gastrointestinal comorbidities
What dx tests are used for BAS?
Thoracic rads
Blood work
Upper airway exam
What drugs should be avoided when performing an upper airway exam?
Ketamine Diazepam Large doses of pure mu agonists ACP They all affect laryngeal function
What is the order of the upper airway exam?
Tonsils –> soft palate –> nasopharynx –> arytenoid cartilages –>evaluate nares
When is sx necessary for a BAS patient?
When any component of BAS is present
How is aspiration prevented in upper airway surgeries?
Gauze packing of larynx to prevent aspiration
What type of soft palate resection surgery may increase post-op swelling?
Electrosurgery
What are the landmarks of a soft palate resection surgery?
Tip of epiglottis and caudal margin/midpoint of tonsils
What is the most preferred soft palate resection sx?
Cut and Sew technique: amputate soft palate to midline with scissors on one side and suture to midline, amputate remaining palate and suture
