Sx of the Ureters Flashcards
Describe an ectopic ureter
Failure of one/both ureters to terminate in normal location-deposits at level of urethra, vagina or abnormal bladder area
What are breeds predisposed to ectopic ureters?
Siberian husky, labs, goldens and westie (young females)
What are CS of ectopic ureters?
incontinence
UTI
Urine scalding
What are the dx tests performed for ectopic ureters?
excretroy urography
CT, US and cystoscopy
What is an extramural ectopic ureter and what is the indicated tx?
Ureter completely bypasses bladder and enters into neck, urethra or vagina
Tx=neoureterocystostomy
What is an intramural ectopic ureter and what is the tx?
Enters bladder normally but exits abnormally- common in dogs
Tx= cystoscopic laser
What is the term for dilated distal ureter?
Ureterocele
What are CS of ureterocele?
UTI/incontinence
azotemia (bilateral) or hydronephrosis (unilateral)
What is the tx for intravesicular ureterocele?
Ureterocelectomy- removal of persistant membrane
What is the tx for ectopic ureterocele?
neoreterocystostomy w/ ureterocelectomy
What is the number 1 cause of ureteral trauma?
Iatrogenic- OHE procedure
What are the dx methods for ureteral trauma?
Rads and IV urography (lesion localization)
What are the tx options for ureteral trauma?
Nephroureterectomy
Ureteroureterostomy
Neoureterocystostomy
Urinary diversion
Whta is the treatment of choice for proximal ureter trauma?
Ureteroureterostomy
When is a transureteroureterostomy performed?
proximal ureteral length is insufficient to reach bladder but long enough to cross midline
What is a renal descensus
mobilie kidney and suture caudally to lumbar musculatrue
Nephrocystopexy
suturing kidney to cranial edge of bladder
Psoas hitch
fixes bladder in more cranial postition
What is the most common indication for ureteral surgery?
Ureterolithiasis
T/F: dissolution is an option for ureterolithiasis
FALSE- this is not an option due to Ca oxalate being the major underlying cause
What are indicators for sx/lithotripsy in urolithiasis patients?
Complete obstruction, azotemia, pyelonephritis, 2 weeks of unsuccessful medical management
When is a permanent ureteral stent indicated?
stone, tumor, stricture or blood clot present
