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SA Sx > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

Protrusion of a tissue or organ through a defect in the wall of the anatomical cavity in which it normally lies

A

Hernia

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2
Q

What is the difference of a true and false hernia?

A

True: anatomical hernia sac (umbilical hernia)
False: lacks hernia sac (acute traumatic abdominal hernia, only initially is this a false hernia)

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3
Q

What is “loss of domain”

A

abnormal area of organs due to hernia that has occurred

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4
Q

T/F: Acute hernias have a loss of domain

A

FALSE

Chronic hernias have a loss of domain

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5
Q

What is a common example of a hernia with loss of domain?

A

Chronic diaphragmatic hernia

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6
Q

T/F: perianal hernia will not have a loss of domain

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Pushing contents back into place, pressure increases due to lack of space leading to organ damage

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8
Q

What can complicated hernias lead to?

A

Strangulation: blood supply compromised leading to ischemia and potential necrosis

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9
Q

What is the tx for hernias?

A

Herniorrhaphy

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10
Q

What suture is used during herniorrhaphy?

A

PDS absorbable suture

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11
Q

What is the difference of a closed vs. open herniorrhaphy?

A

Closed: invert sac and contents without opening the hernia sac
Open: hernia sac incised and removed. Freshening edges by removing hernia ring is NOT necessary and should be avoided

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12
Q

How does a umbilical hernia develop?

A

failure of fusion of rectus abdominis muscle at umbilicus

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13
Q

What breeds are predisposed to umbilical hernia?

A

Airedales, pekignese, basenji, pointers and weimaraner

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14
Q

What other defects should you look for if your patient has an umbilical hernia?

A

Cleft palate, cryptorchidism or cardiac problems

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15
Q

When will you observe GI signs with an umbilical hernia?

A

Viscera entrapped and hard/painful lesion

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16
Q

What is the signalment for a congenital vs. acquired inguinal hernia?

A

Congenital: young male dogs
Acquired: middle aged, intact female dogs

17
Q

What are the breeds predisposed to heritable inguinal hernias?

A

Cocker spaniel and dachshund

18
Q

What is the difference of direct vs. indirect inguinal hernias?

A

Direct: occurs through inguinal musculature
Indirect: occurs through vaginal ring (scrotal hernia)

19
Q

What type of hernia is associated with blunt trauma?

A

Traumatic abdominal hernia

20
Q

T/F: Traumatic abdominal hernia is an emergency requiring immediate sx

A

FALSE- most are stable- better to wait a few days to allow swelling/inflammation to decrease to decrease risk of recurrence of hernia

21
Q

What suture and pattern is used on an acute abdominal hernia repair?

A

2/0 monofilament

Horizontal vs. vertical mattress

22
Q

What is a risk factor for incisional hernias?

A

Inappropriate sx technique (bites or sutures incorrect)

23
Q

Perineal herniation includes which organs possible of herniation?

A

Bladder, prostate and intestines

24
Q

lateral perineal hernia involves which structure?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

25
Q

Dorsal perineal hernia involves which structures?

A

Coccygeus/levator ani m.

26
Q

Caudal perineal hernia involves which structures

A

Levator ani, external anal sphincter, internal obturator

MOST COMMON

27
Q

Ventral perineal hernia involves which structures?

A

Bulbo/ischio cavernosus m.

28
Q

What are breeds that are predisposed to perineal hernias?

A

Pekingese, boston terriers, corgi, boxer

29
Q

Why are bob tails more prone to devloping perineal hernias?

A

Muscles may not develop as well allowing weakness in levator ani and coccygeus m.

30
Q

T/F: excess hormones play a role in perineal hernia incidence

A

TRUE

31
Q

What is a dx procedure for perineal hernias

A

Rectal palpation- finger pass through into rectal dilation and can palpate thumb

32
Q

What is the tx of choice for perineal hernias?

A

SX

33
Q

What are some management factors that can be implemented in perineal hernia patients?

A

stool softners, periodic fecal evaluation and high fiber/moisture diets

34
Q

When does a perineal hernia become an emergency?

A

irreducible painful discolored swelling or bladder retroflexion

35
Q

What increases chance of liquid fecal contamination in sx repair of perineal hernias?

A

Enemas within 24 hrs

36
Q

What is the most common sx procedure for perineal hernia tx?

A

Internal obturator muscle transpostition

SA Sx (22 decks)

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