Urban resurgence

Question 1

Urban resurgence

Answer 1

the regeneration, both economic + structural, of an urban area which has suffered a period of decline
* often initiated by redevelopment schemes

Question 2

Deindustrialisation

Answer 2

the loss of jobs in the manufacturing (secondary) sector
* occured in the UK in the 20th century e.g Manchester- Ship building, Glasgow- Textiles and Sheffield- steal
* lead to many negative consequences therefore regeneration is required for positive consequence (multiplier effect)

Question 3

Causes for urban resurgence

Answer 3

• Aesthetically pleasing
• Industrial architecture from the past
• High pedestrian count
• Jobs in the service industries
• Young professionals, with a high disposable income

Question 4

Characteristics of urban resurgence

Answer 4

• regeneration is led by government + private compamies
• deindustrialisation means that the centre of the city declines = ‘dead heart syndrome’
• some demographics are attached to urban living due to e.g short commute time and lots of services

Question 5

Examples of urban resurgence

Answer 5

1. Birmingham- Jewllery quater
2. New York- Lower west side
3. East London, Stratford- tech jobs ‘silicon valley’
4. London- Olympics

Question 6

Gentrification

Answer 6

Buying and renovating of propertied by young, wealthy individuals

Question 7

Reasons for deindustrialisation

Answer 7

1. Mechanisation- labour is cheaper with machines than people
2. Competition from abroad- from rapidly industrialising countries e.g. China + Taiwan
3. Reduced demand for traditional products- as new materials and technologies develop

Question 8

Decentralisation

Answer 8

• AKA the drought effect
• the increasing movement of retail from the CBD to the outskirts of the cities (rural-urban fringe)
• Cars have been a factor to feul this process as well as the attraction of an out of town site for retail
• Leaves a social,economic and retailling hole in CBD
• New investment focused on edge of cities or rural locations
• its the movement of industry away from the inner city

Question 9

Tertiary sector

Answer 9

Jobs that provide financial services e.g.
* banking, accountancy and insurance
* retailling
* leisure
* transport

Question 10

Quaternary

Answer 10

Knowledge, ideas and research jobs e.g
* NASA
* advertising
* computer programming
* software design

Question 11

Why have service sectors (tertiary and quaternary) grown?

Answer 11

1. Financial services are needed to support manufacturing industries
2. As societies become more technologically sophisticated, they need a larger range of specialised services to keep them running
3. As societies become wealthier, they demand more leisure + retail services