Urban policy

Question 1

Urban policy

Answer 1

strategies chosen to develop urban areas
* relates to strategies chosen by local or central government to manage the development of urban areas + reduce urban problems
1. 1979-1991
2. 1991-1997
3. 1997-2000
4. 2011-Present

Question 2

Over the years what strategies have been used as urban policies:

Answer 2

1. Regeneration since 1980- early strategies- ‘top-down’ economic regeneration
2. Now (modern) holistic approach- ‘bottom-up’, social environmental and economic

Question 3

1971-91

Answer 3

emphasis given to property- led initiatives + creation of an entrepenuerial culture
* top-down regeneration
* involved private sector regeneration
* involved local businesses
* e.g. enterprise zones
* e.g. Urban development cooporations such as London Docklands
+ created jobs
+ attracted investment
- didn’t involve locals
- social problems are still evident

Question 4

1991-97

Answer 4

partnership schemes and comparison led policy
* local led- Bottom up
* aimed to tackle social social problems
* partnership between local people, local governement + businesses
* e.g. City challenge
+ local people
- money was not fairly divided

Question 5

1997-2000

Answer 5

area based initiatives
* focus on narrowing the gap on social + economic indicators
* e.g. Regional development agencies

Question 6

2011-Present

Answer 6

devolving responsibilities to cities in England
* encouraging the local area to take responsibility for their initiative
* e.g. City deal such as Manchester
+ improved a large number of areas + is continued to be used
- more money is still needed
- need to get results to get more money