Urban issues and challenges- Lagos Flashcards
1
Q
what is a megacity?
A
an urban area with population in excess of 10 million people
2
Q
what is migration?
A
when people move from one area to another
3
Q
what is natural change?
A
population rise- if birth rate exceeds death rate
4
Q
what is urbanisation?
A
the process by which an increasing percentage of the country’s population comes to live in towns and cities
5
Q
how much does Lagos contribute to Nigeria’s GDP?
A
1/4 of Nigeria’s GDP
6
Q
what is an example of informal workers in Nigeria?
A
sand boys who collect sand for the building trade
7
Q
Nigeria is what kind of country and what is Lagos?
A
- Nigeria- LIC
- Lagos- NEE (city)
8
Q
what is the congestion like in Lagos?
A
very bad- 3 hour traffic jams
9
Q
in 2020 Lagos was the …. largest economy in Africa?
A
5th largest
10
Q
what is Makoko?
A
a slum on the end of the lagoon
11
Q
Lagos has the largest amount of what kind of businesses in Africa?
A
start-up
12
Q
what is the rate of population growth in Lagos?
A
600,000 a year
13
Q
what is the estimated population of Lagos?
A
17 million
14
Q
what are the main factors affecting urbanisation?
A
- speed of economic development
- rate of population growth
- natural increase
15
Q
what are the 4 main reasons for megacities?
A
- economic development
- population growth
- economies of scale
- multiplier effect
16
Q
location of Lagos within Africa?
A
- South West
- on the coast
17
Q
where do most Lagos residents live?
A
Lagos mainland
18
Q
where is the central business district of Lagos located?
A
on Lagos island
19
Q
what is the difference between the Western and the Eastern side of Lagos island?
A
- Western side- wealthy commercial side
- Eastern side- poorer- main markets and poorer residential areas
20
Q
what is Nigeria’s main sea port?
A
Apapa- located to the West of Lagos Island
21
Q
what are Victoria Islands?
A
- West of Lagos Islands
- residential as well as commercial
- many shopping centres, restaurants and offices and luxury apartments
22
Q
what is the most affluent area of Lagos?
A
Ikoyi
23
Q
Lagos airport….
A
main arrival point for 80% of flights into West Africa
24
Q
push factors from rural parts of Nigeria?
A
- lack of rural jobs
- poor soil quality
- access to infrastructure
- civil war
25
pull factors for Lagos?
- more schools and universities
- more job opportunities
- land available for people to build on
- comparatively stable (politically) compared to other parts of Nigeria
26
reasons for natural increase in Lagos?
- better healthcare may mean higher child survival rate
- better access to healthcare may lead to more people living longer
27
possible issues created by rapid population growth?
- traffic congestion
- poor waste management- poor hygiene- disease spreading
28
possible benefits of rapid population growth?
- increased workforce- better education
- big transnation companies are attracted to the area- foreign investment
28
issues faced by people living in Lagos?
- lots of poverty
- rapid population = overcrowding- poor hygiene/ living conditions
29
access to healthcare in Lagos?
- in Nigeria- health care facilities in rural areas are very poor, overcrowded or difficult to access
30
access to education in Lagos?
- more schools and universities in Lagos than other areas
- over 10 universities in Lagos
31
improved transport in Lagos?
- Lagos Blue Rail Line from Mile 2 axis of Lagos mainland to Marina on Lagos island
- expected to transport 250,000 passengers daily to help overcome congestion
32
access to energy in Lagos?
- people in Lagos have better access to electricity than in rural areas
- 2 new power stations are planned to reduce the city's shortage of electricity and to light the streets at night
33
water supply in Lagos?
- unreliable
- wealthiest homes having a piped water supply
- others use public taps, boreholes or buy their water from street vendors
34
what is the Olusosun rubbish dump?
- huge landfill site near Lagos
- around 500 people work at the dump
- shops, restaurants, bars, cinemas and a mosque at the dump
35
what are the advantages of the Olusosun rubbish dump?
- rubbish can be turned into energy- harnessing methane gas emitted from rotten waste
- each day the workers sort 3,000 tonnes of waste- handpicking valuable items to sort
- people in Lagos can save money by buying recycled goods
36
how urban growth in Lagos has created challenges- social?
- traffic congestion- 2 hours to travel in the city in rush hours
- few primary schools in town areas- expensive to send your child to school
- only the wealthiest homes have a piped water supply
- high levels of crimes- areas of slums are self-policed by Area Boys
37
how urban growth in Lagos has created challenges- environmental?
- large rubbish dumps contain illegal and toxic waste
- factory emissions are not controlled- leading to air and water pollution
- no sewage systems and raw sewage is ejected into the lagoon causing health problems e.g. cholera
- only 40% of rubbish is officially collected
38
how urban growth in Lagos has created challenges: economic?
- traffic congestion
- few primary schools- expensive to send children to school
- high unemployment in Lagos
39
what is a squatter settlement?
an illegal settlement built on the edge of cities (or on undesirable land), built with scrap materials
40
how much of the people living in Lagos are urban poor and live in slums?
65%
41
how many people in Lagos live in poverty?
1.7 million
42
where is Makoko located?
Eastern Lagos
43
is there a school in Makoko?
Yes- Makoko Floating School
44
challenges for people living in Makoko?
- lack of sanitation
- sea level change and flooding
- lack of access to clean water
- lack of legal rights
- poor health
- unemployment and poor quality work
45
how long are the water pipes switched on for?
2 hours a day
46
how many people in Makoko have legal rights to the land?
7%
47
what is the Urban Spaces Innovation?
a regeneration plan for Makoko that would bring the community together with academics, non-profit organisations and international consultants
48
opportunities in Makoko?
- in the process of building a healthcare centre- jobs in construction, jobs in healthcare
- the floating schools- jobs in cleaning, teaching, catering
49
challenges in Makoko?
- squatter settlements- healthcare issues (cholera, malaria and respiratory issues)- sanitary issues
- forced evictions in squatter settlements- 30,000 were made homeless
- clean drinking water- children don't have access to clean water `
50
what is pollution?
the presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment
51
what is sanitation?
measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste
52
how much of the population have water from the Lagos Water Corporation?
10%
53
what is LAMATA?
Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority was created to deal with traffic congestion
54
how many people use the BRT?
1/4 of all commuters- 200,000 people
55
what was one of the benefits of LAMATA?
reduction of traffic time by 30%
56
how much waste does Lagos produce a day?
13 million kg of waste per day
57
the average Lagos commuter spends how long in traffic every day?
over 3 hours in traffic everyday
58
how much of the population in Lagos has secondary education?
68%
59
which areas provide high skilled jobs and which areas provide low skilled jobs?
- CBD and Eko Atlantic- high skilled jobs
- Ikeja and Tin Can Island- low skilled jobs
