types of glacial landforms

Question 1

what is a pyramidal peak?

Answer 1

three-sided pointed mountain peak

Question 2

when are pyramidal peaks formed?

Answer 2

when 3 or more back-to-back glaciers carve away at the top of the mountain- creates a sharply pointed mountain summit

Question 3

what is an example of a pyramidal peak?

Answer 3

Snowdon- Wales

Question 4

what type of ridges does an arete have?

Answer 4

knife-edge, steep-sided ridges

Question 5

when are aretes formed?

Answer 5

when 2 corries develop side by side

Question 6

what gives the arete its jagged profile?

Answer 6

as each corrie erode either side of the ridge, the edges become steeper and the ridge becomes narrower

Question 7

what is an example of an arete?

Answer 7

Striding Edge in the Lake District

Question 8

where are corries formed?

Answer 8

in hollows where snow can accumulate- on North facing slopes

Question 9

what is a corrie?

Answer 9

a bowl-shaped hollow- with a steep back wall and ridges- forming an armchair shape around a hollow, containing a small round lake called a tarn

Question 10

explain how a corrie forms and changes over time (4 marks)?

Answer 10

dip in the north facing slope fills with water
overtime, scree from freeze-thaw weathering provides abrasive material for the base of the small glacier to erode a deeper hollow via abrasion
the back wall is made steeper because of plucking from the ice at the back of the glacier
the corrie has become deeper with a steeper back wall and a lip at the front of deposited material

Question 11

what is a tarn lake also known as?

Answer 11

a corrie loch

Question 12

what is a tarn lake?

Answer 12

a mountain pool or lake in a corrie after the glacier has melted

Question 13

how is the meltwater held in place in a tarn lake?

Answer 13

because of the corrie lip at the bottom end, the meltwater is held in place and a circular body of water is formed

Question 14

what are truncated spurs past?

Answer 14

past interlocking spur edges of past river action that have been cut- off forming cliff-like edges on the valley side

Question 15

where are truncated spurs found?

Answer 15

found between hanging valleys and an inverted v shape

Question 16

when are truncated spurs formed?

Answer 16

when past ridges/spurs are cut off by the lower valley glacier as it moves past

Question 17

what is the formation of a truncated spur?

Answer 17

as the glacier moves down the valley it plucks the rock from beneath and those rocks then rub against the bed of the valley,eroding it further- this deepens and widens the valley
at the front end of the glacier it acts as a bulldozer shifting and removing soil, plucking rock from interlocking spurs and truncating them

Question 18

when is an interlocking spur created?

Answer 18

created as a river erodes the upper valley as it cuts down into the rock and meanders in and out of the surrounding rock

Question 19

when is this rock removed from interlocking spurs?

Answer 19

during glaciation- removed by descending ice sheets

Question 20

what is a hanging valley?

Answer 20

a small tributary glacier found hanging above the main valley floor

Question 21

what happens to hanging valleys when melting occurs?

Answer 21

there are waterfalls onto the valley floor

Question 22

what is an example of a hanging valley?

Answer 22

Cwm Dyli in Snowdonia

Question 23

what is an example of a tarn?

Answer 23

Red Tarn in Lake District

Question 24

what is a ribbon lake?

Answer 24

a long, thin lake

Question 25

how is a ribbon lake formed?

Answer 25

as a glacier flows it travels over hard and softer rock
softer rock is less resistant to erosion so a glacier will carve a deeper trough over this type of rock
when the glacier has melted, water collects in these deeper areas
creates a long, thin lake called a ribbon lake

Question 26

what is an example of a ribbon lake?

Answer 26

Lake Windemere in the Lake District

Question 27

what are areas of harder rock left behind called?

Answer 27

rock steps

Question 28

what is moraine?

Answer 28

unsorted glacial till that is deposited in mounds

Question 29

what are the 4 types of moraine?

Answer 29

terminal, lateral, medial and ground

Question 30

what is terminal moraine?

Answer 30

material deposited at the snout of the glacier

Question 31

what is lateral moraine?

Answer 31

material that is deposited along both sides of the glacier

Question 32

what is medial moraine?

Answer 32

ridge of deposited material in the middle where 2 glaciers meet and continue to flow downhill together

Question 33

what is ground moraine?

Answer 33

material dragged under the base of the glacier and deposited over a wide area on the valley floor

Question 34

what is a drumlin?

Answer 34

an elongated, egg-shaped hill made out of glacial till

Question 35

when do drumlins form?

Answer 35

beneath the glacier when the glacier meets an obstruction and material is deposited as ground moraine
the moraine is then shaped by the moving ice which follows the direction of the flow of ice

Question 36

what are multiple drumlins known as?

Answer 36

swarms/basket of eggs

Question 37

how does the material forms a round, blunt and steep front end?

Answer 37

as the material is deposited

Question 38

what creates the lee slope?

Answer 38

the flow of ice over the top of the drumlin drags the material along and down-creating the lee slope

Question 39

what is an erratic?

Answer 39

random rocks of different sizes and types from the area they are found

Question 40

do erratics have a pattern?

Answer 40

no pattern- they look out of place

Question 41

how do erratics form?

Answer 41

glaciers pick up large rocks and carry them hundreds of km away from where they originated

Question 42

how are erratics carried?

Answer 42

carried deep in the ice and do not erode the same as rocks at the edge of the glacier

Question 43

what is an example of an erratic?

Answer 43

Great Stone of Fourstones