London Flashcards
1
Q
what is a megacity?
A
a city with over 10 million inhabitants
2
Q
what is urbanisation?
A
the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities)
3
Q
why does urbanisation occur? (naturally)
A
natural increase
4
Q
why does urbanisation occur? (economic)
A
economic growth attracts people- cities that trade are a good place for business
5
Q
why does urbanisation occur? (rural-urban)
A
rural urban migration- most migrant are young- move to get jobs and a better education
6
Q
what are some push factors for migration?
A
poverty
lack of safety
civil war
drought
7
Q
what are some pull factors for migration?
A
more fertile land
good climate
safer- less crime
8
Q
what is birth rate?
A
number of births per 1000 people per year
9
Q
what is death rate?
A
how many people die per 1000 people per year
10
Q
when do we get natural decrease?
A
when birth rate is less than death rate
11
Q
when do we get natural increase?
A
when death rate is less than birth rate
12
Q
what is the definition of distribution?
A
the way in which something is spread over an area
13
Q
what is population density?
A
a measurement of the number of people in an area
14
Q
how is population density calculated?
A
dividing the number of people by the area
15
Q
what is population density usually referred to as?
A
the number of people per square kilometre
16
Q
places that are sparsely populated…
A
contain few people
17
Q
places that are densely populated…
A
contain many people
18
Q
what is London’s location?
A
South-East England
North-West Europe
North of the world
19
Q
what is London’s population?
A
9,748,000
20
Q
London is the world’s x largest capital city (2018)?
A
14th
21
Q
what are the major airports in London?
A
LHR, LGW and Stanstead
22
Q
how many passengers were there from LHR in 2018?
A
78 million
23
Q
how many tourists did London have in 2017?
A
30 million
24
Q
how much of the UK’s GDP does London contribute to?
A
30%
25
how much more do Londoner's earn than the UK average?
23%
26
what percentage of Londoners have a degree?
60%
27
London is home to how many of the head offices of the 250 largest companies?
15 e.g. HSBC
28
how many jobs were there in London in 2012?
5 million
29
how many Londoners do not speak English at home?
2 million
30
how much of London is green space?
40%- greenest city in the world
31
what has happened to our tax due to migration?
it has gone down
32
how many immigrants claim benefits in comparison to UK residents?
1 in 20 immigrants claim benefits
1 in 10 UK residents claim benefits
33
when were the London Riots?
6th August 2011- 11th August 2011
34
why did the London Riots happen?
after police shot Mark Duggan on 4th August
35
what were the consequences of the London Riots?
looting, arson, deaths of 5 people
36
where did the worst rioting take place in London during the London Riots?
Hackney, Peckham, Brixton
37
what is Southall often referred to as?
Little India
38
Southall has been a South Asian hub since when?
the 1950's
39
why is Southall attractive to many?
Indian architecture
food, drinks
religious- temples
shops selling saris
Indian cooking
40
where is the largest Chinese new year celebration outside of Asia?
London
41
where is Chinatown?
right in the heart of Picadilly Circus
42
what does cultural mix mean?
how well mixed different cultures are within a society
43
what is multiculturalism?
a country or place that has more than one culture living together
44
what are the challenges of London's cultural mix?
conversing in English
poor cultural groups living in poor parts of the city
45
what are the advantages of London's cultural mix?
competitions can be held for the most culturally developed areas- London Borough of Culture Competition
46
what are some examples of recreation and entertainment in London?
British Museum
National Gallery
Houses of Parliament
Buckingham Palace
47
what is an integrated transport system?
a transport system in which all modal transport is linked together to allow easy access to all transport
48
what is an example of London's integrated transport system?
the Oyster Card- allows London citizens to travel on the majority of transport lines- the lines in London range from the bus system to the underground and the overground
49
what is urban greening?
the increase of the amount and proportion of green spaces within a city
50
how does London provide for urban greening?
creating rooftop green spaces
huge range of green spaces open to the public people
51
what is social deprivation?
the degree to which a person or a community lacks the things essential for a decent life, including money, housing and services
52
what is urban sprawl?
the growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside
53
what are commuter settlements?
places where people live and travel elsewhere for life
54
what are Green Belt spaces?
open spaces (of land) around cities on which there are strict planning controls to prevent urban development in the countryside, and further building development is not allowed
55
what are advantages of Brownfield sites?
reduces the need for urban sprawl
public transport is better in urban areas- less need for cars
56
what is an advantage of Greenfield sites?
no demolition or decontamination is needed
57
how many athletes were there during the 2012 Olympics?
11,000
58
how many tickets were sold at the 2012 London Olympics?
11 million
59
Newham is the .... most deprived borough in London?
3rd
60
what was the Dockland Regeneration Scheme?
funded by £10 billion of private investment
created 25,000 new homes
New City Airport
the Dockland Light Railway to link the Docklands to the City of London
61
Newham has what kind of community?
the youngest and most diverse communities in London
62
what are Newham's residents like?
7/10 are from ethnically diverse communities- speaking over 220 languages and dialects
63
how much of the population is under 25 years old?
over 1/3
64
what is the New Construction College and why was it needed?
a college to teach people how to work in the construction industry
needed because building the Olympic Park will need many skilled people but people in Newham don't have the correct skills- also needed to provide jobs for the unemployed
65
how much of the materials gained from demolishing and cleaning old industrial sites were re-used?
90%
66
where is the Olympic Park located?
East London- North of the River Thames
67
why was the Lower Lea Valley in need of regeneration?
there were many patches of unused, abandoned land which was overgrown and highly contaminated with dangerous and toxic chemicals
many of the industries/ businesses were old
68
what has gone in the Lower Lea Valley?
the old factories, industrial estates and homes
contaminated soil and polluted waterways
derelict and overgrown sites
69
what has appeared in the Lower Lea Valley?
Aquatics Centre
stadium
velodrome
Athlete's village
70
what is Here East?
the new name for the Media Centre- 5000 jobs
71
how many hectares of open space does the Queen Elizabeth Park have?
over 100 hectares of open space
72
what is the East Village?
the new name for the Athletes Village- provides 2,800 homes for local people and newcomers
73
what are the International Quarters?
a new commercial development of high- rise offices which will employ 25,000 people
74
how many people did Westfield Stratford City employ?
10,000 people
75
what was good about the Aquatics Centre and Velopark?
two new sports venues open to the public and used by schools
76
how did the regeneration help children?
a new school opened- Chobham Academy
77
what was a con of the Olympic Park (housing)?
properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site- 450 Housing Association flats were torn down for example
78
what was a pro of the Olympic Park (transport)?
Stratford got a tube station to help connect it to the rest of London
79
how much investment did the Olympics bring into East London?
£9 billion
80
how much extra income for the UK economy did LLoyd's bank estimate the Olympics will generate?
£10 billion
81
how much did the Olympic Park and how much was it meant to cost?
meant to cost £701 million pounds- almost 3 times the original estimate
82
how much was the total bill for the Olympics?
£8.77 billion of tax payers money- £5 billion over budget
83
what were the stadiums made out of?
25% recycled materials
84
what was the Olympic Site built on?
built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land- property that was neglected, unused and contaminated
85
how much CO2 did the games produce?
3.3 million tonnes of CO2
86
how much wildlife was relocated?
4,000 smooth newts, 100 toads and 300 common lizards were moved by the Olympic Delivery Authority
87
what is a sustainable city?
a city that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs
88
what is an ecological footprint?
the area or land or seas that is needed to produce all the inputs a city uses and to dispose of its outputs
89
what is an example of a water conservation scheme?
encouraging people to use less water e.g. by turning off taps while brushing teeth
90
what is an example of an energy conservation scheme?
promoting renewable energy sources (wind, solar, tidal) over traditional coal/ gas fired power stations
91
what is an example of creating green space?
they reduce air pollution by creating pockets of clean air
92
what is an example of waste recycling?
websites e.g. Freecycle- items are offered for free so they can be used by others instead of being thrown away
93
how many passengers does the Underground take everyday?
3 million passengers
94
what stops buses from being stuck in traffic?
bus priority lanes
95
