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geography > Resource management- UK global food > Flashcards

Resource management- UK global food Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a resource?

A

any physical material that people need and value

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2
Q

what is resource management?

A

the control and monitoring of resources so they do not become depleted or exhausted

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3
Q

what is economic wellbeing?

A

a measure of how much money people have to sustain their standard of living

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4
Q

what is social wellbeing?

A

the social condition of an individual or group

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5
Q

why is the UK one of the most efficient producers of food?

A
  • moderate climate
  • lots of rainfall- mild temperatures
  • fertile soils
  • gentle relief and advanced technology
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6
Q

what is the supply of water like in the UK?

A
  • surplus- North and West
  • deficit- South and East
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7
Q

why does the UK have so much energy?

A
  • has large resources of fossil fuels
  • several nuclear power plants and renewable energies (wind, solar and hydro-electric power)
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8
Q

what are the benefits of importing food from abroad?

A
  • we can get tropical food that we can’t necessarily grow in the UK
  • better quality food
  • eat healthier
  • better/ constant food supply
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9
Q

what are the issues of importing food from abroad?

A

we can’t/ struggle to sell our own food

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10
Q

how much of the population in Kenya work in agriculture?

A

more than 75%- contributes almost 25% to the national production

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11
Q

what happened in 2009 with the Kenyan government?

A

they were reporting food shortages while large quantities of food were being shipped to the UK supermarkets

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12
Q

what is a food mile?

A

the distance covered supplying food to consumers

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13
Q

what is carbon footprint?

A

the amount of greenhouse gases produced per person

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14
Q

positives of organic food?

A
  • helps wildlife thrive- wildlife can naturally control pests
  • uses less money (don’t need to buy chemicals)
  • tastes better
  • better for our health
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15
Q

negatives of organic food?

A
  • more expensive (can’t mass produce)
  • can’t produce as much
  • LIC’s won’t be able to produce organic food
  • cost to transfer to organic farming can be expensive
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16
Q

positives of local produce?

A
  • encourages a varied and seasonal diet of fresh food
  • creates jobs and supports local farmers
  • encourages a more sustainable use of land
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17
Q

negatives of local produce?

A
  • often more expensive to buy
  • you can only get seasonal food
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18
Q

what is agribusiness?

A

a huge business where the owner owns the farm supply, farm land, food processing factories, distribution companies and even stocks in supermarkets

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19
Q

why has agribusiness become a trend in the UK?

A
  • it brings more money back to the economy
  • its cheaper
  • brings more jobs
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20
Q

why is agribusiness good?

A

high yields are produced- maximises crop productivity and profitability

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21
Q

what is water supply?

A

the provision of water via a system of pumps and pipes

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22
Q

what is water consumption/ demand?

A

the volume of water requested by users to satisfy their needs

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23
Q

what is water deficit?

A

a place that has less water than required

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24
Q

what is water stress?

A

when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period

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25
Q

what is water surplus?

A

a location that has more water than required

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26
Q

why are reservoirs good?

A
  • reduce the cost of transferring water
  • can create habitats and bring money to the area through tourism
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27
Q

why are reservoirs bad?

A
  • can destroy habitats
  • can cause areas to be flooded- people have to move homes
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28
Q

what are some ways we can manage water quality in the UK?

A
  • education campaigns
  • local water treatment
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29
Q

what is the energy mix?

A

the range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non- renewable

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30
Q

what are fossil fuels?

A

a natural fuel- such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms

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31
Q

where does the UK get some of its coal from?

A

NE coal fields- Durham coal field

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32
Q

how many mines do we have in the UK?

A
  • 10 deep mines
  • 22 open cast surface minds
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33
Q

what is food security?

A

the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

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34
Q

what is food insecurity?

A

the state of being without reliable to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

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35
Q

what is sustainable food?

A

production of food that increases yields to meet demand from future generations while protecting the environment

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36
Q

what is food loss?

A

food that is lost due to its deterioration after harvest but before it reaches its consumer

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37
Q

what is food waste?

A

food that reaches the consumer but is thrown away, not uses, or goes off

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38
Q

what is undernourishment?

A

lack of sufficient calories and nutrients in the diet

39
Q

what 3 factors may affect food supply?

A
  • poverty
  • climate
  • war & conflict
40
Q

how does poverty affect food supply?

A

poverty means farmers don’t have the money to buy food- weaker and more likely to become sick- their children do not attend school as they cannot afford it- prone to disease and not get a good job

41
Q

how does climate affect food supply?

A
  • crops need at least 250mm of rainfall
  • if there is a drought, crops will die
  • floods and storms damage any crops that can grow
42
Q

how does war & conflict affect food supply?

A
  • farmers leave their land to fight/ escape- no crops are grown
  • food can be stolen or destroyed in the fighting
  • soldiers destroy crops to stop the enemy from eating and also pollute water sources
43
Q

impacts of food insecurity: social?

A
  • causes death and undernutrition- weakens immunity and makes people more vulnerable to diseases- leads to deficiencies
  • can affect physical and cognitive development of children
  • need for water for farming can lead to international disputes over ownership of the water sources
44
Q

impacts of food insecurity: economic?

A
  • in LIC’s, the shortage of food can cause prices of basic food to become too expensive for the average family
45
Q

impacts of food insecurity: environmental?

A
  • in LIC’s the best land is often used to grow cash crops for HIC’s- this leaves the poor and less suitable land for the local country- this land often does not have sufficient nutrients or water to produce a good harvest and will become infertile- leaves the soil exposed and prone to erosion
46
Q

what is irrigation?

A
  • artificially watering the land
  • extracting water from rivers & underground water stores or are more large scale and involve building dams
47
Q

why does irrigation help?

A
  • used to supply extra water to farming areas to increase and maintain production when water supply is low
  • can increase crop yields and income- helps reduce poverty
48
Q

where is irrigation used?

A

in arid climates

49
Q

what are the challenges of irrigation?

A
  • large- scale schemes can push people off the land to be used for reservoirs
  • increased water logging of soil- lack of drainage- can cause run off into rivers
  • salinisation- build up of salts and minerals of soil
50
Q

what are aeroponics?

A
  • plants are grown in the air (rather than soil)
  • sprayed with fine water mist containing nutrients
51
Q

why do aeroponics help?

A
  • speeds up plant growth
  • allows bigger yields
  • plants grow faster- roots are more exposed to more oxygen- plants have all the nutrients they need
52
Q

what are the challenges of aeroponics?

A
  • very expensive
  • specialist knowledge is needed
  • root chambers which hold the plants must be regularly cleaned- they are very easily contaminated in the warm, moist conditions
53
Q

what are hydroponics?

A
  • plants grown in water
  • the roots are planted in nutrient rich water
54
Q

why do hydroponics help?

A
  • the plants receive more nutrients- they grow faster
  • they use up less space
  • use less water
55
Q

what are the challenges of hydroponics?

A
  • technical expertise is important
  • the system is very expensive to set up and run
56
Q

what is biotechnology (GM crops)?

A
  • uses living organisms to make or modify products to make them produce higher yields
57
Q

why does biotechnology (GM crops) help?

A
  • increased vitamins or proteins
  • higher crop yield
58
Q

what are the challenges of biotechnology (GM crops)?

A

many people are concerned about the effects of GM crops on the environment and human health

59
Q

what is using appropriate technology?

A
  • using skills/ materials that are cheap and easily available to increase output without putting people out of work
  • might involve small- scale water harvesting equipment or small farming machines to help people living in poorer parts of the world
60
Q

why does using appropriate technology help?

A
  • low- tech strategy
  • helps people who may not necessarily be skilled
61
Q

why can using appropriate technology be a challenge?

A
  • parts can be expensive
62
Q

where are most of UK’s out of season crops- lettuce, melon etc- grown?

A

Almeria, Spain

63
Q

how much of Europe’s fruit and veg does Almeria grow?

A

50%

64
Q

how much does Almeria contribute to Spain’s economy?

A

$1.5 billion

65
Q

how are almost all of the plants in Almeria grown?

A

using hydroponics

66
Q

what is an advantage of Almeria (weather)?

A
  • the greenhouses have a white surface- cooling of the area- Almeria’s temperatures have dropped by 0.3 degrees celsius
67
Q

what is an advantage of Almeria (UK regulations)?

A

UK regulations on quality have reduced levels of chemicals used and raised production standards

68
Q

what is a disadvantage of Almeria (immigrant)?

A
  • the immigrant labour is paid very low wages
  • often live and work in poor conditions
  • there can often be conflict between migrant groups
69
Q

what is a disadvantage of Almeria (local environment)?

A
  • local environment has been changed
  • large amounts of plastic and litter are created
  • plastic is sometimes dumped in the sea
70
Q

what is permaculture?

A

permanent agriculture- agriculture we can use forever

71
Q

what is an example of permaculture and how much is it worth in the UK?

A
  • organic farming
  • worth £1.95 billion
72
Q

what is urban farming?

A

farming in urban environments on a small scale

73
Q

how is urban farming done?

A

individuals farm in backgardens/ roofs/ parks- cuts down on carbon footprints and the crops are not covered in pesticides

74
Q

what is an example of urban farming?

A

Middlesborough- school children grow their own fruit and veg

75
Q

what is sustainable meat and fish?

A

fishing and creating meat in a way that is not going to ruin future stock

76
Q

how is sustainable meat and fish produced?

A

animals can roam freely- labels on your meat- sustainable fishing

77
Q

what is an example of sustainable meat and fish?

A

dolphin friendly tuna fishing

78
Q

what are examples of increasing sustainable supply of food?

A
  • permaculture
  • urban farming
  • sustainable meat and fish
79
Q

what is food loss?

A

food is thrown out before you sell it

80
Q

what is food waste?

A

once you have it in your house, you throw it away

81
Q

how much food globally is thrown away?

A

1/3

82
Q

how much money is spent on food per family in the UK that is thrown away? `

A

£700 is spent in the UK per family on food that is just thrown away

83
Q

how can we reduce food loss?

A

shop more carefully

84
Q

how can we shop more carefully?

A
  • plan our meals
  • not impulse buy
  • buy vegetables that don’t look perfect e.g. oddbox
85
Q

what is an example of reducing food loss?

A
  • oddbox
  • compost
  • use your food in another way
86
Q

how can we reduce food waste?

A
  • better education and better marketing to teach consumers how to use their foods
  • stop pests like rats in storage facilities
87
Q

what is an example of reducing food waste?

A

too good to go app

88
Q

what is the population of Jamalpur?

A

2.29 million

89
Q

what is the % of people working in agriculture in Jamalpur?

A

65.5

90
Q

where is Jamalpur?

A

in the North of Bangladesh

91
Q

what is the aim of Practical Action?

A
  • increase farming productivity
  • being environmentally sustainable, increase income, knowledge and skills of farmers
  • equip NGO’s to further help farmers
92
Q

how many families did Practical Action work with?

A

7500 families in 79 villages with 10 NGO’s

93
Q

what did Practical Action teach people about farming?

A
  • rich- fish culture
  • how to choose rice that was more resistance to floods
  • learnt how to protect the fish in the fields and earn money from selling them
  • how to farm bananas and vegetables

geography (15 decks)

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