Resource management- UK global food Flashcards
1
Q
what is a resource?
A
any physical material that people need and value
2
Q
what is resource management?
A
the control and monitoring of resources so they do not become depleted or exhausted
3
Q
what is economic wellbeing?
A
a measure of how much money people have to sustain their standard of living
4
Q
what is social wellbeing?
A
the social condition of an individual or group
5
Q
why is the UK one of the most efficient producers of food?
A
- moderate climate
- lots of rainfall- mild temperatures
- fertile soils
- gentle relief and advanced technology
6
Q
what is the supply of water like in the UK?
A
- surplus- North and West
- deficit- South and East
7
Q
why does the UK have so much energy?
A
- has large resources of fossil fuels
- several nuclear power plants and renewable energies (wind, solar and hydro-electric power)
8
Q
what are the benefits of importing food from abroad?
A
- we can get tropical food that we can’t necessarily grow in the UK
- better quality food
- eat healthier
- better/ constant food supply
9
Q
what are the issues of importing food from abroad?
A
we can’t/ struggle to sell our own food
10
Q
how much of the population in Kenya work in agriculture?
A
more than 75%- contributes almost 25% to the national production
11
Q
what happened in 2009 with the Kenyan government?
A
they were reporting food shortages while large quantities of food were being shipped to the UK supermarkets
12
Q
what is a food mile?
A
the distance covered supplying food to consumers
13
Q
what is carbon footprint?
A
the amount of greenhouse gases produced per person
14
Q
positives of organic food?
A
- helps wildlife thrive- wildlife can naturally control pests
- uses less money (don’t need to buy chemicals)
- tastes better
- better for our health
15
Q
negatives of organic food?
A
- more expensive (can’t mass produce)
- can’t produce as much
- LIC’s won’t be able to produce organic food
- cost to transfer to organic farming can be expensive
16
Q
positives of local produce?
A
- encourages a varied and seasonal diet of fresh food
- creates jobs and supports local farmers
- encourages a more sustainable use of land
17
Q
negatives of local produce?
A
- often more expensive to buy
- you can only get seasonal food
18
Q
what is agribusiness?
A
a huge business where the owner owns the farm supply, farm land, food processing factories, distribution companies and even stocks in supermarkets
19
Q
why has agribusiness become a trend in the UK?
A
- it brings more money back to the economy
- its cheaper
- brings more jobs
20
Q
why is agribusiness good?
A
high yields are produced- maximises crop productivity and profitability
21
Q
what is water supply?
A
the provision of water via a system of pumps and pipes
22
Q
what is water consumption/ demand?
A
the volume of water requested by users to satisfy their needs
23
Q
what is water deficit?
A
a place that has less water than required
24
Q
what is water stress?
A
when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period
25
what is water surplus?
a location that has more water than required
26
why are reservoirs good?
- reduce the cost of transferring water
- can create habitats and bring money to the area through tourism
27
why are reservoirs bad?
- can destroy habitats
- can cause areas to be flooded- people have to move homes
28
what are some ways we can manage water quality in the UK?
- education campaigns
- local water treatment
29
what is the energy mix?
the range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non- renewable
30
what are fossil fuels?
a natural fuel- such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
31
where does the UK get some of its coal from?
NE coal fields- Durham coal field
32
how many mines do we have in the UK?
- 10 deep mines
- 22 open cast surface minds
33
what is food security?
the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food
34
what is food insecurity?
the state of being without reliable to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food
35
what is sustainable food?
production of food that increases yields to meet demand from future generations while protecting the environment
36
what is food loss?
food that is lost due to its deterioration after harvest but before it reaches its consumer
37
what is food waste?
food that reaches the consumer but is thrown away, not uses, or goes off
38
what is undernourishment?
lack of sufficient calories and nutrients in the diet
39
what 3 factors may affect food supply?
- poverty
- climate
- war & conflict
40
how does poverty affect food supply?
poverty means farmers don't have the money to buy food- weaker and more likely to become sick- their children do not attend school as they cannot afford it- prone to disease and not get a good job
41
how does climate affect food supply?
- crops need at least 250mm of rainfall
- if there is a drought, crops will die
- floods and storms damage any crops that can grow
42
how does war & conflict affect food supply?
- farmers leave their land to fight/ escape- no crops are grown
- food can be stolen or destroyed in the fighting
- soldiers destroy crops to stop the enemy from eating and also pollute water sources
43
impacts of food insecurity: social?
- causes death and undernutrition- weakens immunity and makes people more vulnerable to diseases- leads to deficiencies
- can affect physical and cognitive development of children
- need for water for farming can lead to international disputes over ownership of the water sources
44
impacts of food insecurity: economic?
- in LIC's, the shortage of food can cause prices of basic food to become too expensive for the average family
45
impacts of food insecurity: environmental?
- in LIC's the best land is often used to grow cash crops for HIC's- this leaves the poor and less suitable land for the local country- this land often does not have sufficient nutrients or water to produce a good harvest and will become infertile- leaves the soil exposed and prone to erosion
46
what is irrigation?
- artificially watering the land
- extracting water from rivers & underground water stores or are more large scale and involve building dams
47
why does irrigation help?
- used to supply extra water to farming areas to increase and maintain production when water supply is low
- can increase crop yields and income- helps reduce poverty
48
where is irrigation used?
in arid climates
49
what are the challenges of irrigation?
- large- scale schemes can push people off the land to be used for reservoirs
- increased water logging of soil- lack of drainage- can cause run off into rivers
- salinisation- build up of salts and minerals of soil
50
what are aeroponics?
- plants are grown in the air (rather than soil)
- sprayed with fine water mist containing nutrients
51
why do aeroponics help?
- speeds up plant growth
- allows bigger yields
- plants grow faster- roots are more exposed to more oxygen- plants have all the nutrients they need
52
what are the challenges of aeroponics?
- very expensive
- specialist knowledge is needed
- root chambers which hold the plants must be regularly cleaned- they are very easily contaminated in the warm, moist conditions
53
what are hydroponics?
- plants grown in water
- the roots are planted in nutrient rich water
54
why do hydroponics help?
- the plants receive more nutrients- they grow faster
- they use up less space
- use less water
55
what are the challenges of hydroponics?
- technical expertise is important
- the system is very expensive to set up and run
56
what is biotechnology (GM crops)?
- uses living organisms to make or modify products to make them produce higher yields
57
why does biotechnology (GM crops) help?
- increased vitamins or proteins
- higher crop yield
58
what are the challenges of biotechnology (GM crops)?
many people are concerned about the effects of GM crops on the environment and human health
59
what is using appropriate technology?
- using skills/ materials that are cheap and easily available to increase output without putting people out of work
- might involve small- scale water harvesting equipment or small farming machines to help people living in poorer parts of the world
60
why does using appropriate technology help?
- low- tech strategy
- helps people who may not necessarily be skilled
61
why can using appropriate technology be a challenge?
- parts can be expensive
62
where are most of UK's out of season crops- lettuce, melon etc- grown?
Almeria, Spain
63
how much of Europe's fruit and veg does Almeria grow?
50%
64
how much does Almeria contribute to Spain's economy?
$1.5 billion
65
how are almost all of the plants in Almeria grown?
using hydroponics
66
what is an advantage of Almeria (weather)?
- the greenhouses have a white surface- cooling of the area- Almeria's temperatures have dropped by 0.3 degrees celsius
67
what is an advantage of Almeria (UK regulations)?
UK regulations on quality have reduced levels of chemicals used and raised production standards
68
what is a disadvantage of Almeria (immigrant)?
- the immigrant labour is paid very low wages
- often live and work in poor conditions
- there can often be conflict between migrant groups
69
what is a disadvantage of Almeria (local environment)?
- local environment has been changed
- large amounts of plastic and litter are created
- plastic is sometimes dumped in the sea
70
what is permaculture?
permanent agriculture- agriculture we can use forever
71
what is an example of permaculture and how much is it worth in the UK?
- organic farming
- worth £1.95 billion
72
what is urban farming?
farming in urban environments on a small scale
73
how is urban farming done?
individuals farm in backgardens/ roofs/ parks- cuts down on carbon footprints and the crops are not covered in pesticides
74
what is an example of urban farming?
Middlesborough- school children grow their own fruit and veg
75
what is sustainable meat and fish?
fishing and creating meat in a way that is not going to ruin future stock
76
how is sustainable meat and fish produced?
animals can roam freely- labels on your meat- sustainable fishing
77
what is an example of sustainable meat and fish?
dolphin friendly tuna fishing
78
what are examples of increasing sustainable supply of food?
- permaculture
- urban farming
- sustainable meat and fish
79
what is food loss?
food is thrown out before you sell it
80
what is food waste?
once you have it in your house, you throw it away
81
how much food globally is thrown away?
1/3
82
how much money is spent on food per family in the UK that is thrown away? `
£700 is spent in the UK per family on food that is just thrown away
83
how can we reduce food loss?
shop more carefully
84
how can we shop more carefully?
- plan our meals
- not impulse buy
- buy vegetables that don't look perfect e.g. oddbox
85
what is an example of reducing food loss?
- oddbox
- compost
- use your food in another way
86
how can we reduce food waste?
- better education and better marketing to teach consumers how to use their foods
- stop pests like rats in storage facilities
87
what is an example of reducing food waste?
too good to go app
88
what is the population of Jamalpur?
2.29 million
89
what is the % of people working in agriculture in Jamalpur?
65.5
90
where is Jamalpur?
in the North of Bangladesh
91
what is the aim of Practical Action?
- increase farming productivity
- being environmentally sustainable, increase income, knowledge and skills of farmers
- equip NGO's to further help farmers
92
how many families did Practical Action work with?
7500 families in 79 villages with 10 NGO's
93
what did Practical Action teach people about farming?
- rich- fish culture
- how to choose rice that was more resistance to floods
- learnt how to protect the fish in the fields and earn money from selling them
- how to farm bananas and vegetables
