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geography > Urban Issues > Flashcards

Urban Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What is urban change?

A

The increasing percentage of a population living in towns and cities

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2
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with more than 10 million people living in it

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3
Q

What are the two main causes of urbanization?

A
  1. Rural-urban migration
  2. Natural increase
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4
Q

What is rural-urban migration?

A

People moving from the countryside (rural) to towns and cities (urban)

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5
Q

What are push factors in urban migration?

A

Reasons that drive people to leave the countryside, such as:
* Limited job opportunities
* Low pay
* Mechanisation

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6
Q

What are pull factors in urban migration?

A

Reasons that attract people to move to the city, such as:
* Jobs and higher pay
* Education
* Closer to schools

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7
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

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8
Q

What demographic trend is observed in urban areas?

A

People living in cities tend to be younger, typically aged 18 - 35

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: A city with more than _____ million people living in it is called a megacity.

A

10

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10
Q

True or False: Urbanization is solely caused by natural increase.

A

False

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11
Q

What is the relationship between urban living and birth rates?

A

Urban areas tend to have higher birth rates due to younger populations

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12
Q

Identify one urban trend in Central Africa.

A

High growth rates

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13
Q

Identify one urban trend in Eastern Europe.

A

Some countries are experiencing stagnant or declining populations

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14
Q

What is a high-income country?

A

A country characterized by a high gross national income per capita

Examples include Germany and Poland.

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15
Q

What is a low-income country?

A

A country characterized by a low gross national income per capita

An example is many countries in Africa.

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16
Q

What is urban growth?

A

The increase in the population living in urban areas

Urban growth happens faster in certain countries due to various factors.

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17
Q

List reasons why urban growth happens faster in some countries.

A
  • Dirt control
  • Corresponding education
  • Control by older populations
  • Religious factors
  • Mortality rates

These factors contribute to varying rates of urbanization.

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18
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with a population of over 10 million people

Megacities are significant due to their size and influence.

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19
Q

Name three of the top 20 world megacities.

A
  • Tokyo
  • Delhi
  • Shanghai

These cities are among the largest in the world by population.

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20
Q

True or False: Most megacities are located in Asia.

A

True

Asia has more than 20 megacities, making it the continent with the highest concentration.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ has three megacities.

A

North America

This includes cities like New York and Los Angeles.

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22
Q

Describe the global distribution of megacities.

A

Most megacities are in Asia, with North America having only three

This highlights the concentration of urban populations in certain regions.

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23
Q

What is the significance of urban growth in countries?

A

It can lead to economic development and changes in social structures

Urban growth impacts infrastructure, housing, and services.

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24
Q

What is the geographical location of Rio de Janeiro?

A

Located in the southern part of South America, near the Tropic of Capricorn and the Atlantic Ocean.

It lies close to the Equator.

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25
Q

What percentage of Brazil’s GDP does Rio contribute?

A

5% of Brazil’s GDP.

This highlights Rio’s economic significance within the country.

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26
Q

What is the population of Rio de Janeiro?

A

6.5 million.

This makes it the third largest urban area in Brazil.

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27
Q

Name two important industries in Rio de Janeiro.

A
  • Manufacturing
  • Finance

These industries play a crucial role in the city’s economy.

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28
Q

What cultural significance does Rio de Janeiro hold?

A

It is known as the cultural capital of Brazil, with 50 museums and the annual Carnival.

The Carnival is one of the world’s largest music and dance celebrations.

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29
Q

How many ports and airports does Rio de Janeiro have?

A

5 ports and 3 airports.

This makes it an important international transport hub.

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30
Q

What major international event did Rio host in 2016?

A

The Summer Olympic Games.

It was the first time the Olympics were held in South America.

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31
Q

How many tourists does Rio attract annually?

A

2.82 million visitors per year.

This makes it the most visited city in South America.

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32
Q

What designation does Rio de Janeiro hold as a World Heritage Site?

A

It is recognized as being of outstanding international importance and given special protection.

This designation is granted to places of significant cultural or natural value.

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33
Q

True or False: Rio de Janeiro is the largest city in Brazil.

A

False.

The largest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo.

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34
Q

Fill in the blank: Rio de Janeiro is famous for its _______.

A

beaches, Carnaval, and the statue of Christ the Redeemer.

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35
Q

List three reasons for the rapid growth of Rio de Janeiro in the last 50 years.

A
  • Economic opportunities
  • Cultural significance
  • Urban development

These factors contribute to the city’s population increase and urban expansion.

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36
Q

What is one reason for the growth of Rio?

A

Increased job opportunities in construction and manufacturing.

These jobs tend to be higher paid than farming jobs.

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37
Q

What type of jobs are available in the favelas?

A

Jobs in offices and finance, such as those at Petrobras, Brazil’s oil company.

Petrobras is a major player in Brazil’s economy.

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38
Q

What is a contributing factor to the high birth rate in certain communities?

A

Lack of access to family planning and education.

This results in fewer resources and support for family planning.

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39
Q

Fill in the blank: The birth rate is _______ in Rio due to lack of access to resources.

A

high

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40
Q

What are the types of jobs that have higher pay in Rio?

A

Construction and manufacturing jobs.

These sectors offer better wages compared to farming.

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41
Q

True or False: There are more jobs available in farming than in construction and manufacturing in Rio.

A

False

Construction and manufacturing jobs are noted to be higher paid.

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42
Q

What are the two main factors contributing to job scarcity in some areas of Rio?

A

Lack of jobs and lack of education on family planning.

These factors lead to economic challenges in the communities.

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43
Q

What percentage of Rio’s population does not have access to running water?

A

12%

This indicates significant inequalities in access to basic services.

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44
Q

What percentage of water in Rio is lost due to leaking pipes, fraud, and illegal access?

A

37%

This loss exacerbates the water supply crisis.

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45
Q

What health issues are associated with inadequate water supply in Rio?

A

Water borne diseases like typhoid and cholera

These diseases can spread due to lack of clean water.

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46
Q

What impact does collecting water have on children in Rio?

A

Children might have to spend time collecting water rather than going to school or doing homework

This affects their education and future prospects.

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47
Q

How many new treatment plants were built in Rio between 1998 and 2014?

A

7 new treatment plants

This effort included laying 300km of pipes.

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48
Q

What percentage of the population in Rio had a mains water supply by 2014?

A

95%

This represents a significant improvement in water access.

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49
Q

What is the school enrollment situation in Rio?

A

Low, with only 50% continuing school beyond age 14

Many drop out and get involved in drug trafficking.

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50
Q

What are the reasons for low school enrollment in Rio?

A
  • Lack of schools
  • Lack of teachers
  • Low pay for teachers

These factors contribute to educational challenges.

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51
Q

What percentage of Rio had a local family health clinic in 2013?

A

55%

This highlights the inadequate healthcare services available.

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52
Q

What kind of support has been provided to encourage families in Rio?

A
  • Grants to poor families for schooling costs
  • Money for sports lessons

These initiatives aim to improve education and community involvement.

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53
Q

What improvements were made in healthcare in the favela of Santa Marta?

A

Medical staff took health kits into homes and issued treatments

This approach helped reduce the death rate in the area.

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54
Q

How far is the nearest hospital from the favela of Santa Marta?

A

13 km

This distance complicates access to medical care.

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55
Q

True or False: Drug trafficking in Rio is associated with 10% of drug gangs.

A

True

This statistic underscores the challenge of violence and crime.

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56
Q

Fill in the blank: Rio faces challenges in providing important services for its _______ growing population.

A

rapidly

Rapid population growth strains existing infrastructure.

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57
Q

What has led to frequent blackouts in Rio?

A

Increasing population demands and a shortage of electricity

The demand for energy has outpaced the supply, causing blackouts.

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58
Q

What new infrastructure has been developed to address energy needs in Rio?

A

New nuclear generator and Simplicio hydroelectric complex

The hydroelectric complex produces 30% of Rio’s electricity.

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59
Q

What economic event severely impacted Brazil’s economy in 2015?

A

A deep recession

This recession led to increased unemployment and social unrest.

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60
Q

What is the unemployment rate in the favelas of Rio?

A

Over 20%

This high unemployment rate contributes to economic challenges.

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61
Q

What percentage of total income is earned by the richest 1% in Rio?

A

12%

This contrasts sharply with the income of the poorest 50%.

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62
Q

What percentage of total income is earned by the poorest 50% in Rio?

A

13%

This highlights the economic disparity in the city.

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63
Q

What is a significant characteristic of employment in the favelas?

A

Most work in the informal economy

Jobs include street vendors, drivers, labourers, maids, and artisans.

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64
Q

Fill in the blank: The ‘Schools of _______’ program aims to improve education for young people in violent areas.

A

Tomorrow

This initiative addresses educational deficiencies.

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65
Q

What are Police Pacifying Units (PPUs) intended to do?

A

Reclaim favelas from gangs

PPUs are part of the effort to reduce crime and restore order.

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66
Q

True or False: The majority of Rio’s 3.5 million workers have formal employment.

A

False

One-third do not have formal employment.

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67
Q

What is a major issue related to crime in Rio?

A

Robbery and violent crime

Powerful gangs control drug trafficking in favelas.

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68
Q

What type of economy do many residents of the favelas rely on?

A

Informal economy

This economy often lacks legal protections and benefits.

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69
Q

What are some of the solutions implemented to tackle high unemployment?

A

Free childcare for teenage parents and courses for adults

These initiatives aim to improve education and employment opportunities.

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70
Q

What is one major environmental challenge facing Rio?

A

Air pollution

Air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year in Rio.

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71
Q

By what percentage has the number of cars in Rio grown in the last 10 years?

A

40%

The increase in cars contributes significantly to air pollution.

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72
Q

What solution has been implemented to address air pollution in Rio?

A

Metro expansion

Expanding the metro aims to reduce the reliance on cars.

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73
Q

How many deaths per year are attributed to air pollution in Rio?

A

5000

This figure highlights the severity of the air pollution issue.

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74
Q

What is the daily amount of raw sewage polluting Guanabara Bay?

A

200 tonnes

This significant amount contributes to the decline of fishing in the bay.

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75
Q

What percentage of Guanabara Bay is reported to be polluted?

A

90%

The high level of pollution poses health risks to residents.

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76
Q

What is one consequence of the pollution in Guanabara Bay?

A

Decline in fishing

Fishing has declined due to the high levels of pollution in the bay.

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77
Q

What has been built to help reduce water pollution in Rio since 2004?

A

12 new sewage works

These works cost US$68 million and aim to improve water quality.

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78
Q

What is a challenge faced in waste collection in the favelas of Rio?

A

Few proper roads and steep slopes

This makes it difficult for waste collection lorries to operate effectively.

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79
Q

What innovative solution has been set up to deal with waste in Rio?

A

Power plant to produce methane from rotting rubbish

This biogas production helps manage waste and generates energy.

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80
Q

What type of waste contributes to the pollution in Guanabara Bay?

A

Industrial waste

Along with raw sewage, industrial waste significantly impacts water quality.

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81
Q

Fill in the blank: The bay is polluted by _______ tonnes of industrial waste each day.

A

50

This pollution affects marine life and local communities.

82
Q

What is one major environmental challenge facing Rio?

A

Air pollution

Air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year in Rio.

83
Q

By what percentage has the number of cars in Rio grown in the last 10 years?

A

40%

The increase in cars contributes significantly to air pollution.

84
Q

What solution has been implemented to address air pollution in Rio?

A

Metro expansion

Expanding the metro aims to reduce the reliance on cars.

85
Q

How many deaths per year are attributed to air pollution in Rio?

A

5000

This figure highlights the severity of the air pollution issue.

86
Q

What is the daily amount of raw sewage polluting Guanabara Bay?

A

200 tonnes

This significant amount contributes to the decline of fishing in the bay.

87
Q

What percentage of Guanabara Bay is reported to be polluted?

A

90%

The high level of pollution poses health risks to residents.

88
Q

What is one consequence of the pollution in Guanabara Bay?

A

Decline in fishing

Fishing has declined due to the high levels of pollution in the bay.

89
Q

What has been built to help reduce water pollution in Rio since 2004?

A

12 new sewage works

These works cost US$68 million and aim to improve water quality.

90
Q

What is a challenge faced in waste collection in the favelas of Rio?

A

Few proper roads and steep slopes

This makes it difficult for waste collection lorries to operate effectively.

91
Q

What innovative solution has been set up to deal with waste in Rio?

A

Power plant to produce methane from rotting rubbish

This biogas production helps manage waste and generates energy.

92
Q

What type of waste contributes to the pollution in Guanabara Bay?

A

Industrial waste

Along with raw sewage, industrial waste significantly impacts water quality.

93
Q

Fill in the blank: The bay is polluted by _______ tonnes of industrial waste each day.

A

50

This pollution affects marine life and local communities.

94
Q

What are squatter settlements in Brazil called?

A

Favelas

Favelas are illegal settlements where people have built homes on land they do not own.

95
Q

What is a key characteristic of favelas?

A

Areas of great social deprivation

Favelas lack basic services and infrastructure.

96
Q

What defines a slum?

A

An area of poor quality (often illegal) housing, lacking in services like water supply, sewerage and electricity

Slums are characterized by inadequate living conditions.

97
Q

What is the Portuguese name given to a slum?

A

Favela

98
Q

What trend was observed in the population of favelas in Rio from 1950 to 2020?

A

The population of favelas increased every year

The favela population grew alongside the total population of Rio.

99
Q

Fill in the blank: Favelas are illegal settlements where people have built homes on land they did not _______.

A

own

100
Q

Describe the living conditions commonly found in a slum.

A

Dirty water, weak housing, cramped conditions

Slums often lack proper sanitation and living space.

101
Q

True or False: Favelas are legal settlements with proper housing.

A

False

102
Q

What was the population trend of favelas from 1950 to 2020?

A

Increased every year

This trend indicates ongoing urbanization and migration to these areas.

103
Q

List three characteristics of squatter settlements.

A
  • Cramped housing
  • Poor quality of infrastructure
  • Lack of basic services
104
Q

What is the English translation of the term ‘favela’?

A

Slum

105
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘favela’ refers specifically to _______ in Brazil.

A

squatter settlements

106
Q

What are the main problems of squatter settlements?

A

Construction, Services, Unemployment, Crime, Health

These categories encompass various issues faced by squatter settlements or favelas.

107
Q

What materials are commonly used in the construction of houses in squatter settlements?

A

Iron, bricks, plastic sheets

These materials are often used due to their low cost and availability.

108
Q

What natural disaster significantly impacted favelas in 2010?

A

Landslides

Heavy rain from storms caused landslides that resulted in 224 deaths and 13,000 people losing their homes.

109
Q

What percentage of homes in non-improved favelas lack running water?

A

12%

This statistic highlights the severe lack of basic services in many favelas.

110
Q

What percentage of homes in favelas do not have electricity?

A

Over 30%

Many homes rely on illegal connections to electricity pylons.

111
Q

What is the average monthly income of individuals living in favelas?

A

Less than £75

This low income reflects the economic struggles faced by the residents.

112
Q

What is the unemployment rate in squatter settlements?

A

As high as 20%

This indicates a significant economic challenge within these communities.

113
Q

What is the murder rate in many favelas?

A

20 per 1000 people

This high rate is often associated with the influence of drug gangs.

114
Q

What is a common health issue faced by residents due to waste disposal problems?

A

Increased danger of disease

Waste buildup in streets contributes to health risks.

115
Q

What are the infant mortality rates in many favelas?

A

As high as 50 per 1000

This statistic illustrates the critical health challenges for children in these areas.

116
Q

What is a common issue with drinking water access in favelas?

A

Taps are often at the bottom of steep slopes

This situation requires residents to make several trips each day to fetch water.

117
Q

True or False: Many inhabitants of favelas trust the police.

A

False

Distrust stems from violence and corruption associated with law enforcement.

118
Q

What often happens when rubbish is burned in favelas?

A

It sets fire to wooden houses

The smoke produced is harmful to health.

119
Q

What is the population density in many favelas?

A

37,000 per km²

This extreme density contributes to many of the social and health issues faced by residents.

120
Q

Fill in the blank: Sewers in favelas are often _______.

A

open drains

This lack of proper sewage systems leads to health hazards.

121
Q

What is the Favela Bairro Project?

A

A site and service scheme where the local authority provides land and services for residents to build homes

This project aims to improve the living conditions in favelas.

122
Q

What are some improvements made in Complexo do Alemão?

A

Improvements include:
* Paved and formally named roads
* Access to a water supply and drainage system
* Hillsides secured to prevent landslides
* New health, leisure, and education facilities
* Installation of a cable car system
* Access to credit for home improvements
* 100 percent mortgages available
* Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) established

These improvements aim to enhance the quality of life for residents.

123
Q

How has mobility improved for inhabitants of Complexo do Alemão?

A

Through the installation of a cable car system that provides one free return ticket a day for residents

This system facilitates easier access to different areas.

124
Q

What economic support is provided to residents in Complexo do Alemão?

A

Access to credit for home improvements and 100 percent mortgages for home buying

This financial support aims to empower residents economically.

125
Q

True or False: The Favela Bairro Project has been recognized as a model by the UN.

A

True

The project has been acknowledged for its positive impacts and has influenced similar initiatives in other Brazilian cities.

126
Q

What are some challenges faced by the Favela Bairro Project?

A

Challenges include:
* Budget of US$1 billion may not cover every favela
* Need for more training to improve literacy
* Lack of maintenance for newly-built infrastructure
* Rising rents in improved favelas
* Residents lack skills and resources for repairs

These issues indicate that the project has not been a complete success.

127
Q

Fill in the blank: The Favela Bairro Project aims to improve the quality of life for the _______.

A

[urban poor]

128
Q

How has the quality of life for the urban poor improved due to the Favela Bairro Project?

A

Improvements include:
* Better health care facilities
* Increased employment opportunities
* Enhanced education access
* Improved environmental conditions

These factors contribute to a reduction in poverty levels.

129
Q

What impact has the project had on crime in the community?

A

The establishment of a Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) aims to help reduce crime

Police patrols are intended to enhance safety in the community.

130
Q

True or False: The quality of life, mobility, and employment prospects have worsened for the inhabitants of the favelas due to the project.

A

False

The project has improved these aspects for the inhabitants.

131
Q

What are the social, economic, and environmental opportunities in Rio?

A

Social, economic, and environmental opportunities include:
* Tourism
* Petrobras
* Finance and banking
* Construction
* Port industries
* Ethnic and cultural diversity
* Beaches
* Urban forests
* Culture
* Industry
* Sport
* Education
* Community

This list highlights the various sectors contributing to Rio’s development.

132
Q

What is the significance of ethnic and cultural diversity in Rio?

A

Ethnic and cultural diversity provides a huge mix of religions, foods, and customs. Rio has the largest Portuguese population outside Portugal and 36% of people are multi-racial.

This diversity enriches the cultural fabric of the city.

133
Q

Name two of the largest urban forests in the world located in Rio.

A

Tijuca National Park and White Rock Forests.

These forests contribute to the environmental opportunities in the city.

134
Q

What iconic beach is located in Rio and what is its significance?

A

Copacabana Beach, facing the Atlantic Ocean and flanked by mountains, is listed as a world heritage site.

It is a major tourist attraction.

135
Q

What major sporting events have taken place in Rio?

A

2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics.

These events showcase Rio’s role in global sports.

136
Q

What is Brazil’s national sport?

A

Football.

Football is a significant part of Brazilian culture.

137
Q

How does the community spirit manifest in the favelas of Rio?

A

The favelas demonstrate tremendous community spirit, cooperation, and recycling of materials.

This highlights the resilience and resourcefulness of the communities.

138
Q

What role do favelas play in Rio’s economy?

A

Favelas create their own economies; recent improvements have allowed shows and restaurants to develop.

This economic activity contributes to the overall development of the area.

139
Q

What is the role of education in Rio’s development?

A

Rio has a number of universities and higher education institutions, making it the 2nd largest center for research and development in the country.

Education is crucial for fostering innovation and skilled labor.

140
Q

What industries are major in Rio?

A

Major industries include:
* Petrobras (energy)
* Vale (mining)
* Grupo Globo (media)

These industries are key players in Brazil’s economy.

141
Q

What cultural events is Rio famous for?

A

Rio is famous for its annual carnival, samba schools, and sporting events.

These cultural events attract tourists and celebrate local traditions.

142
Q

What is the multiplier effect?

A

The positive spin-off effects that follow an initial investment in a region.

143
Q

How do factory wages influence local businesses?

A

Wages of factory workers help local shops grow their businesses.

144
Q

What happens to local spending when people have more money?

A

People spend more money in the local area, benefiting other businesses.

145
Q

Fill in the blank: The multiplier effect leads to _______ for more workers.

A

demand

146
Q

What is one consequence of growth in a region due to investment?

A

New shops open and more services are needed.

147
Q

What do people need as a result of urbanization?

A

Houses, water, and services.

148
Q

What attracts people to move to a growing area?

A

Job opportunities and services.

149
Q

How does investment in a region grow over time?

A

It leads to continued economic and physical development.

150
Q

True or False: The multiplier effect can lead to an increase in local population.

A

True

151
Q

What is a possible result of increased investment in overseas industry?

A

Economic growth in the region.

152
Q

What social benefit arises from government presence in favelas?

A

Reduction in crime levels

The presence of government can foster community spirit and improve safety in areas like favelas.

153
Q

What economic benefits do the Olympics bring to Rio?

A

Job creation and increased tax revenue

The influx of events like the Olympics can lead to enhanced funding for healthcare and schools.

154
Q

What environmental advantage is associated with tourism in Rio?

A

Funding for environmental projects

Tourism generates revenue that can be invested back into the environment.

155
Q

What opportunity did the Rio Olympics present?

A

Billions spent on new infrastructure

This includes transport, museums, and sports facilities.

156
Q

What is a significant challenge faced by residents of favelas during the Olympics?

A

Destruction of homes

Many residents faced eviction and violence from police during the preparations for the Olympics.

157
Q

True or False: The Olympics in Rio had only positive outcomes.

A

False

While there were opportunities, significant challenges and negative impacts also occurred.

158
Q

Name the second most populated city in the UK.

A

Birmingham.

Birmingham has a population of 992,000.

159
Q

Fill in the blank: The UK’s most populated cities include _______.

A

London, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Cardiff, Belfast.

Each city has a significant population size.

160
Q

What historical event influenced the location of the UK’s major cities?

A

The industrial revolution.

Heavy industries developed near supplies of coal and raw materials.

161
Q

Which cities developed due to proximity to coal and iron ore supplies?

A

Glasgow, Sunderland, Newcastle.

These cities are located in Scotland and the North East of England.

162
Q

Why did London develop as a major city?

A

Because of its position as the capital of the UK.

163
Q

What was the population of Leeds?

A

720,000.

164
Q

What was the population of Glasgow?

A

560,000.

165
Q

What was the population of Sheffield?

A

512,000.

166
Q

What was the population of Liverpool?

A

440,000.

167
Q

What was the population of Manchester?

A

420,000.

168
Q

What was the population of Bristol?

A

380,000.

169
Q

What was the population of Cardiff?

A

310,000.

170
Q

What was the population of Belfast?

A

280,000.

171
Q

What is a Choropleth Map used for?

A

To show the distribution of a population across different regions

Choropleth maps are often used in human geography to visualize population density and other demographic data.

172
Q

What is the estimated population of the UK?

A

Approximately 72 million

173
Q

Which city in the UK is associated with a high population density?

A

London

174
Q

Name two cities mentioned that have high population density.

A
  • Glasgow
  • Manchester
175
Q

Name two cities mentioned that have low population density.

A
  • Portsmouth
  • Eileen Sar
176
Q

What are two Human Geography Factors that contribute to high population density?

A
  • Many job opportunities
  • Proximity to London
177
Q

What are two Physical Geography Factors that can lead to low population density?

A
  • Location next to countries
  • Natural barriers
178
Q

Fill in the blank: The population of England is approximately _______.

A

59 million

179
Q

True or False: The UK’s total population is less than 70 million.

A

False

180
Q

What population range is indicated for regions with 300-400 people?

A

300-400

181
Q

What is the population of Scotland as mentioned?

A

Approximately 5 million

182
Q

Where is Newcastle located?

A

In the North East of England, on the coastline of the North Sea, south of Scotland

Newcastle is the largest city in the North East of England.

183
Q

What was Newcastle’s population in 2010?

A

292,000

This figure represents the population at that time.

184
Q

What is Newcastle’s contribution to the UK economy?

A

£13 billion

This highlights the economic significance of Newcastle.

185
Q

What percentage of people in Newcastle are employed?

A

73%

This indicates a relatively high employment rate.

186
Q

How many universities are in Newcastle?

A

Two

These universities are among the UK’s top institutions.

187
Q

What major road connects Newcastle?

A

The A1

The A1 is a major road in the UK.

188
Q

What public transport system is available in Newcastle?

A

Metro train system

This system connects various parts of the city.

189
Q

Why was Newcastle important during the Industrial Revolution?

A

It played a significant role in industrial development in the UK

Newcastle’s industrial history contributed to its growth.

190
Q

How many visitors does Newcastle attract annually?

A

2 million

This highlights Newcastle’s appeal as a tourist destination.

191
Q

Does Newcastle have an international airport?

A

Yes

This facilitates international travel to and from the city.

192
Q

What is Grey Street in Newcastle known for?

A

Famous buildings and architecture

Grey Street is a notable landmark in the city.

193
Q

What is the average salary in Newcastle?

A

£20,000

This is slightly lower than the average in the rest of the UK (£21,000).

194
Q

What attractions are located at the Quayside in Newcastle?

A

Sage Music Hall and Baltic Museum

These venues contribute to the cultural landscape of Newcastle.

195
Q

What historical site is near Newcastle?

A

Hadrian’s Wall

This ancient structure is a significant tourist attraction.

196
Q

What types of events is Newcastle popular for?

A

Weekend breaks, stag and hen parties

This reflects its status as a leisure destination.

197
Q

What are some top businesses based in Newcastle?

A
  • SAGE Computing
  • Greggs

These companies are well-known within the UK.

198
Q

What major sporting events has Newcastle hosted?

A
  • Rugby World Cup
  • Olympic football matches

This demonstrates Newcastle’s capacity for large-scale events.

199
Q

What successful sporting teams are based in Newcastle?

A
  • Newcastle United
  • The Falcons

These teams contribute to the city’s sports culture.

200
Q

What shopping center is near Newcastle?

A

Metro Centre

It was the largest indoor shopping centre in Europe.

201
Q

How does Newcastle influence the UK economically?

A

Attracts visitors who spend money in the country

This economic activity supports local businesses and government revenue.

202
Q

True or False: Newcastle’s influence extends internationally.

A

True

International events and tourism contribute to Newcastle’s global presence.

geography (6 decks)

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