physical landscape in the uk

Question 1

how does the long profile of a river change as the river flows downstream

Answer 1

reduces quickly in height as the slope of the river valley reduces

Question 2

how does the cross profile of a river Vally change as the river flows downstream

Answer 2

the channel becomes wider as the gradient becomes gentler, leading to less vertical erosion.

Question 3

explain how a wave cut platform is formed as a cliff is eroded

Answer 3

it will occur in high tides waves will hit against the cliff and erode the base of the cliff CALLED A WAVE CUT NOTCH
2 main types of erosion hydraulic action abrasion
then the previous notch will collapse
example of cliff retreat

Question 4

assess the effectivenessof strategies used to protect coastlines against erosion

Answer 4

sea walls is a concrete wall designed to prevent erosion and reflect the waves back out to the sea and slows down the energy cost 5,000-10,00 year
Dis waves to powerful can break
Ad they have pramendes to people can walk on them

Question 5

soft engineering

Answer 5

sand dunes is a natural physical barrier between sea and land people build more

Question 6

explain how a meander ay be formed both erosion and disposition

Answer 6

is a bend in the river as water flows through the meander it travel faster on the outside by erosion , abrasion winder cutting the river bank and forming a river cliff as it travels slower on the inside bend causing deposition creating a slip of slope

Question 7

benefits of using hard and soft engines to reduce the risk of flooding

Answer 7

hard engine
reduce river flood such as building a damby reducing the lives of water in the Chanel to stop flooding but can also tear apart hard engines is also very experience
soft
it can reduce flood by building sand dunes and its a physical barrier between sea and land but some people may not be able to access the warings and may cause a navigation hazard

Question 8

Sliding

Answer 8

this is when large pieces of land slide donw the slope quickly without any warning

Question 9

Slumping

Answer 9

This common when the cliffs are made out of clay the clay becomes saturated (soaked with water ) during heavy rainfall

Question 10

Rock fall

Answer 10

Pieces of rock are continuously weathered and eroded until they separate from the cliff

Question 11

Beaches

Answer 11

Beaches are eroded materials

Question 12

Spit

Answer 12

Spits are a extended stretch of sand

Question 13

Long shore drift

Answer 13

Where there a change of shape of the coastline deposition occurs

Question 14

Deposition

Answer 14

When the sea loses energy it drops the materials

Question 15

Bar

Answer 15

It joins two headlines together caused by longshore drift

Question 16

What’s hard rock made out of

Answer 16

Limestone

Question 17

Swanage bay

Answer 17

Is made out of soft rock and hard rock (limestone) discordant

Question 18

Hard engineering management

Answer 18

Groynes wooden rock structures built out at right angle of the sea
To prevent sediment being transported to beaches prevent longshore drift
Did unattractive
Ad they trap sediment from longshore drift

Question 19

Cast study river tee

Answer 19

Located at the north of England
The source of the river is located in the Pennines and flows east to its mount were the river joins North Sea

Question 20

Name all transportation

Answer 20

Traction large rock being rolled along the river bed
Suspension the material are carried by the sea ( clay sediments)
Solution rocks dissolve with the sea
Saltation small rock being bounce along the river bed

Question 21

how do gynos prevent longshore drift and sediment being transported

Answer 21

Trying to stop the moment of sediment along the costline might because they want to build a nice beach it collects all the sediments to one place to stop it moving down from backwash

Question 22

how can groynes cause erosion

Answer 22

erosion can become even more pronounced on that side of the groin. No were to go in erodes

Question 23

Interlocking spurs are formed

Answer 23

If there are areas of hard rock which are harder to erode, the river will bend around it

Question 24

reservoir

Answer 24

Man made lake in the upper course

Question 25

What’s a slip of slope

Answer 25

The build-up of deposited sediment sides of a mender

Question 26

estuaries

Answer 26

The open mouth of the river where it meets the sea

Question 27

explain how physical factors affect flood risk

Answer 27

Long hours of precipitation
Rock type permeable (that can absorb water ) limestone
Impermeable rocks higher risk of flooding (soft rock)

Question 28

How are glaciers formed

Answer 28

Carrie snow collected year on year on the mountain forming formed packed ice
Starts for move at the bottom solar the glacier from intense pressure from the weight of the weight above
Rotation slip
Freeze thaw happens at the stop of the mountain freeze by 9% and burst get picked up at the soler glacier as the glacier moves again abrasion happens (scrap along the rock floor )
Plucking happens creating steep back walls

Question 29

freeze thaw weathering

Answer 29

a process of erosion that happens in cold areas where ice forms

Question 30

Weathering

Answer 30

Biological weathering is caused by
plants and animals

Chemical weathering describes
making changes to the minerals in a rock

Mechanical weathering causes rocks to crumble

Question 31

how are the cross sections of meander formed

Answer 31

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of time. Erosion narrows the neck

Question 32

Formation of flood plains

Answer 32

High rain fall over spills the river and deposits the sediment on the side of the river bank due to less energy called leves river rises unlikely to flood in future

Question 33

What are the characteristics of a
destructive wave

Answer 33

-weak swash and strong backwash
-the waves are steep and close together

Question 34

What are the characteristics of a
constructive wave

Answer 34

• strong swash and weak backwash
• the waves are low and further apart

Question 35

What are hydrographs

Answer 35

shows how a river responds to a period of rainfall

Question 36

Formation of sand dune

Answer 36

Embryo dune dune scarp fore dune yellow dune grey dune dune slack

Question 37

How does widening the river channel help to reduce flood management schemes

Answer 37

Widening the river channel can help reduce flood risks by increasing the capacity of the river to hold more water. When the channel is widened, it allows more water to flow through the river, reducing the likelihood of overflow and flooding

Question 38

Explain how spits and bars form along the coast as a result of deposition

Answer 38

Spits and bars form along the coast due to deposition, which is when sediment carried by the sea is deposited in certain areas. When longshore drift carries sediment along the coast

Question 39

how can sand dunes prevent flooding

Answer 39

high tides. When there’s a storm or high tide, the dunes absorb and slow down the water, reducing the impact on inland areas

Question 40

Human factors that affect flooding

Answer 40

Deforestation no trees to intercept
Urban areas have no impermeable rock to absorb the water less permeable rock due to pavements

Question 41

How do physical factor affect the rate of flooding

Answer 41

Precipitation heavy rainfall The faster the water reaches the river, the more likely it will flood to the infiltration that soaks it to the ground to the river

Question 42

how does relief affect flood risk

Answer 42

a steep valley is more likely to flood than a flatter valley because the rainfall will run off into the river more quickly

Question 43

how does environmental factors affect flood risk

Answer 43

Lots of vegetation reduces flood risk

slowing down the flow of rainwater, absorbing rainwater and reducing erosion

Question 44

why are sediments deposited

Answer 44

by low-energy waves that can no longer support their sediment load.

Question 45

Describe the formation of a wave cut platform 2

Answer 45

Question 46

What is bed load

Answer 46

The load carried this way

Question 47

what is relief

Answer 47

the term used for the differences in height from places