the changing economic world Flashcards
what is GNI
the total value of goods and service produced by a country plus money earned from spread of culture
what does HDI stand for
human development lndex
wha is HDI
it shows different economic and social measures of development gross national income GNI
birthrate why is this a measure if development
it gives us an idea about the level of access to education decreases the population
death rate why is this a measure of development
gives an idea about access to heath care and sanitations and diseases decrease the population
infant mortality rate two many babies die by 1st birthday
it gives us an idea that access to heath care systems are no good and pollution in the environment decrease the population
what is literacy rate
the percentage of the population that can read and write increases the population
what is life expectancy
the average people live up to increases the population
why is HDI so accurate
because it combines both economic and social indicators to give a better representation of development
why might people in nigiria have lots of children
due to sending there child to do Jos for more money then to taxes for better tendered of living and having more then one incase one dies
why are some countries richer than others (uneven development )
some might be
landlocked (no cost land’)
natural hazards ( no money to repair buildings)
trade deals (trade with only poorer countries
climate no food cant grow there to trade droughts
post colonialism ( croup government)
dept relief the g7 wiped all the money owned
what are the 4 things that can help closing the development gap
aid, technology , tourism, investment
closing the development gap
AID when a country or non government organisation such as Oxfam donate resources for example aid can bring clean water and sanitations meds this can help improve sanitations and heath care and prevent diseases back the UK gives more money to Pakistan then any other country it helps the 66milion epode
other way of closing the development gap
tourism countries with tropical beaches spectacular landscape or amazing wildlife have became tourist this can help close the gap by beautiful areas because good places to locate hotels resources businesss are good for locale pole because they provide more jobs and money local example Caribbean India have come dependant on tourism it generate losts off money
dept relief
the world richest countries agreed to cancel all the poorest countries dept
the g7 wiped the dept of many Africas countries this meant that the government could start investing money on heath care education and improving infrastructure local evidence Tanzania had dept cancelled the government can now afford to provide education
an example of how the growth of tourism in on lic helps to reduce the development gap
Jamaica
needed development
unemployment is 9.7 doctors were about 100-0.4
tourism came due to
food reggae music
beautiful
evidence that tourism helped to reduce the development gap in Jamaica
5.2 billion tourism per year
]in 2024 32% of the jamicas gdp comes from tours
tourism had lead to high levels of investment
what are the negative impacts of Jamaica development gap
foot path erosion damage plants
quality of housing poor limited of food supply
is Nigeria a lic or nee
its a nee
what is the first year shell exported Nigeria
1958
what are the advantages of shell for Nigeria
social
community development shell has invests in community development projects such as schools heathcare
90% have jobs
economic
shell contributes significantly to Nigerias economy through taxes royalties and other payment
environment
shell has implemented various programs aimed at reducing environmental strategies and waste
what was Nigeria apart of before
the British empire now its apart of the commonwealth
what are the problems associated with aid
hiç controlling what the Monty is spend money might not be spend might be taking for granted feeling not to work
how is uk aid money spent in Nigeria
impact of aid in Nigeria
reasons Nigeria receives aid
despite rapid economic growth and wealth from oil reserves many people in Nigeria are still poor
the aid Nigeria receives
nigeria receb=ves 4% of african aid
poitive impact of aid charities of NEGOS support projects Nigeria
barriers
money may be used to promote the commercial promote the commercial self interest of the donor
what are the disadvantages of shell of Nigeria
social huge amount of people unaployment
environmental
shells oil extraction activities have often lead to environment damage including oil spills
economic
shell and the oil companys can lead to a resource curse where economy becomes overly dependant on oil
the environmental impacts of economic development
air poullotion co2 atmosphere
water pollution
oil spills
the effects of economic development on quality of life
increased income levels economic development has led to higher income levels for some segments of the population improving access to basic needs such as food housing and clothing
to what extent g=has economic development improved the quality of life for people in Nigeria
DISS life expensancy has went up from 46 to 52 HDI has increased
some regions might have seen improvement in rural areas still lack access to quality schools
people are still poor in north rigens
ADD
economic growth has allowed for better funding of public services such as education and health
new jobs has been created
all the economic sectors of work
primary(fishing) secondary(making ex car) tertiary(teacher doctor) quaternary quinary
causes of economic change in the uk
globalisation increase in trade and investment in other countries led to economic change
mechanisation technology have replaced people eg car production
change in government policies including taxation regulations and public spending can affect economy
impacts of industry on the environment
water pollution
during waste co2 atmosphere
unsightly don’t look nice
what are some ways that the environment can be sustainable in the
sticker environment laws there will be everyone driving polluting less co2 in the atmosphere less oil being burned sustanbale environment
roomette the use a sales of electriciit cars there will be less co2 in the atmosphere because of less burning
how are rural areas changing
Most people in the us live in urban areas but 19% still live in rural areas although they might not look crowed the population of most rural ares in the uk is actually growing as a result in counter urbanisation
Population change which brings significant social and economic changes
Describe why green belt is under pressure
Englands green belt at risk amid housing target pressure
People now building on them for more housings due limited space in urban areas and growth of population
Describe the distribution of greenbelt and describe the patterns of sparsely populated areas
Green belt is designed areas surrounding urban centres aimed at preventing urban sprawl and preserving the countryside they are mainly found in cities like London Birmingham and Manchester
What are the two changing in rural landscape in the uk
Outer Hebrides and south Cambridgeshire
What is happening in the outer Hebrides
The overall decrease in people due to people moving out and getting better jobs
What is happening in the south Cambridgeshire
The population is increasing due to migration mainly in the east london
What are the social and economic effects of outer Hebrides
SOICAL
The community and the population is small limited in social services and few opportunities young people leave for education
ECONOMIC
Farming industry running low on money
Farming struggles with customers
South Cambridgeshire social and economic effects
SOCIAL
Population growth due to proximity to Cambridge leading to diverse community with mix of culture backgrounds
ECONOMIC
Rise in property values and influx of business which contributes to jobs creation and economic growth which can also lead on to increase in investment
Improvement and new development in roads and rail infrastructure port and airport capacity
Road widening of the AI
Rail high speed (RHS2)
Port Liverpool
Posts Freeport
Airports Heathrow expansion
Transport improvements and impacts on the uk economy purposes and benefits in the economy
RHS2
It is deigned to improve rail journeys and speed them up to London and Birmingham
Benefits
Reduce travel times aim to decrease travel times between major cities making it easier and quicker for people to communicate
ROAD WIDENING
Improve traffic flow and increase capacity on one of the uk major roadway by widening the road to reduce congestion cost 250 million
Benefits
Improve traffic flow which can lead to reduced travel times for both communities
What is the north-south divide
Is the imaginary line divides parts of the uk and is based mainly on the divide between the individual north and the agricultural south
Evaluate the access of a transport scheme HS2
SUPPORT
It will help the north south divide the HS2 can create around 1000 jobs in the north and boots the economy of rejoins like Manchester Leeds Birmingham
AGAINST
Will concentrated in London and the southeast cities argue that the high cost of HS2 could divert funds away
SUPPORT
That it can help the uk economy estimate 92 billion in economic benefits that the project is projected to generate over a life time
AGAINST
Estimate to exceed 100 billion critics argue that those funds could be better spent on improving transport and infrastructure
Evidence that the north-south divide is true
Life expectancy in the north
Manchester2013 71.8 male and female 77.8
South
2013 83.1 female
Unemployment in the north
2020 regions 6.6%
South 3.3%
What can be. Done to reduce the north south divide
Improved infrastructure
Developed power
Enterprise zone
Renewing northern cities
2 reasons that can help the north south divide
Infrastructure improvements
Projects like the HS2 its easier to transport improvements such as HS2 help close the north and south divide because it would help encourage people from the north to work in the south this is good because it will help increase employment rates in the south spend there wages there
Development power
When local councils have developed power they van spend money regenerations pairs of their city e.g in Newcastle regeneration increase because and employment opportunities
What are the uk links with the wider world
The uk was part of the NEU as a single market good could traded with land
Uk tv is one of the world’s successful need lie media need important
The channel tunnel passable a route from the uk the main land Europe
How did the EU affect the uk
Economically membership provide access to a large single market which facilitate trade and investment this helped businesses grow and create jobs
Socially
EU regulations influenced various aspects of life in the uk such as workers
Environmental protection and consumer
What was being part of the EU negative and positive
There are EU laws and controls on crime pollution and consumers rights there rules can be restrictive for individuals and companies in the uk this means that changing laws will be longer now
High levels of unemployment and low wages in poor EU countries might lead to more migration into the uk which means that mor people could come to the uk and spread money which therefore will go to tax’s and better jobs
What are the benefits of begins apart of the commonwealth
Employment
Increase job opportunities that arise from the economic ties between members countries this can lead to greater access to international job markets
Promote education
It facilitates educational exchanges and scholarships allowing students from members countries to study in different nations
