Urban Growth Flashcards
What percentage of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas by 2050?
68%
According to UN projections.
Which regions will remain majority rural by 2050?
Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and a handful in Asia
Especially in Central Africa, East Africa, and South Asia.
What are the two primary drivers of urban population growth?
- Rural-to-urban migration
- Natural increase
Which regions experience the highest rates of rural-to-urban migration?
South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
By how much is India’s urban growth rate expected to increase by 2050?
From 35% in 2021 to over 52% in 2050
What percentage of urban population growth in sub-Saharan Africa is attributed to migration?
About one-third
What is the annual urban population growth rate in sub-Saharan Africa?
Around 4% a year
What factors accelerate rural-to-urban migration?
- Inequality between rural areas and cities
- Lack of investment and opportunity in rural areas
- Economic opportunities in cities
What challenges do rapidly growing cities face?
- Unsustainable population growth
- Pressure on city services
Which regions are projected to have the fastest urban growth by 2025?
East Asia, mainly China, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa
What demographic trend is observed in cities experiencing rapid rural-to-urban migration?
They create young cities with a large active population
What is the expected demographic trend for African cities by 2060?
They will have a similar population structure to South America in 2000
What is depicted by the population pyramids of a LIC rural community versus a city community?
Rural community has a wider base; city community shows a bulge in working-age people
What type of employment is common in rapidly growing cities with informal sectors?
Unregulated informal work
In which cities is ageing most evident?
HIC cities
What does the OECD graph compare regarding cities and aging populations?
Annual growth of selected HIC cities with annual growth of the over-65 population
What do older people tend to do with their living arrangements?
- Downsize from suburban property to city apartments
- Choose to live in suburbs or central locations
What economic impact do older populations have in cities?
- Less productivity due to retirement
- Significant contribution to city economy through consumption
What is a challenge posed by an older city population?
Higher demand for health services and localized services
