Patterns of Poverty Flashcards
What is urban poverty?
A significant issue in most cities, defined by various standards, including living on less than $1.90 a day.
The World Bank’s definition of poverty.
What is absolute poverty?
Income below 40% of the median national income.
A common measure of poverty used by many countries.
What is relative poverty?
Income below 50% of the median national income.
How can measuring poverty by access to services affect statistics?
Poverty levels can rise by as much as 50% when including access to services and security.
This approach considers well-being beyond just income.
What percentage of adults in Europe live in relative poverty?
Over 21%.
What is the child poverty rate in Europe?
Over 22%.
What regions in the UK had the highest poverty rates in 2019?
Seven of the ten poorest regions in Northern Europe.
What are common indicators of poverty in urban areas?
- Education
- Employment
- Access to adequate services (housing, health care).
What is social deprivation?
A result of low income levels, measured by access to services and opportunities.
What is Sparkbrook known for?
The most socially deprived district in Birmingham, UK.
What percentage of Sparkbrook’s population is considered poor?
47%.
What is the life expectancy difference between Sparkbrook and more affluent wards in Birmingham?
8 years shorter.
What is a significant issue affecting education in Sparkbrook?
High school dropout rates and low educational qualifications.
What economic shift has affected Sparkbrook?
Deindustrialisation leading to a loss of manufacturing jobs.
What is a major consequence of the loss of manufacturing jobs in Sparkbrook?
Increased dependency on social benefits.
What is the unemployment rate in Kibera, Nairobi?
50%.
What are common diseases prevalent in Kibera?
- Malaria
- Meningitis
- Tuberculosis
- Cholera.
What is the average life expectancy in Kibera?
30 years.
What percentage of children in Kibera die before their fifth birthday?
19%.
What is a common issue with water access in Kibera?
Illegal tapping of water pipes leading to contamination.
What drives rural to urban migration in Kenya?
The search for better quality of life.
What is a major characteristic of the informal economy in Kibera?
Unregulated by the government.
What are the housing conditions like in Kibera?
Low cost and high risk.
