Deindustrialisation Flashcards
What is deindustrialisation?
The process of industry closure found in inner city districts in HIC cities.
What are the main causes of deindustrialisation?
- Raw Materials
- Economic Restructuring
- The Global Shift
- Decentralized Industry
- Cycle of Decline
How does the availability of raw materials impact deindustrialisation?
Declining availability and quality of raw materials increases extraction costs and reduces competitiveness.
What is economic restructuring in the context of deindustrialisation?
A shift from manufacturing towards low-pay tertiary sectors and highly skilled quaternary sector jobs.
Which two leaders are noted for economic restructuring in their countries?
Margaret Thatcher in the UK and Ronald Reagan in the USA.
What is the global shift related to deindustrialisation?
Neo-liberal policies enabling offshoring and outsourcing production to reduce costs in developing economies.
What does decentralized industry refer to?
Modern companies are footloose, producing lighter products and locating near road networks in city peripheries.
What is the cycle of decline in HIC cities?
Closure of large employers leads to high unemployment, reduced spending, and further job losses.
What are the significant consequences of deindustrialisation?
- Economic impact on inner cities
- Social deprivation
- Health issues
- Environmental degradation
What community issues arise from social deprivation due to deindustrialisation?
Out-migration of affluent individuals and in-migration of low-income individuals, increasing deprivation.
Which cities are highlighted as case studies for deindustrialisation?
Detroit and Flint in Michigan, USA.
What was the job loss in Michigan between 2000 and 2009?
Close to 500,000 manufacturing jobs.
What percentage of households in some inner-city neighborhoods of Flint earned less than $5,000 a year in 2010?
Over 25%.
What percentage of families in Detroit lived under the poverty line in 2010?
32%.
How does poverty impact school performance in affected cities?
High levels of poverty lead to underperformance in schools.
What crime rates were notably higher in Flint from 2000 to 2010?
Housing and violent crime rates.
What catastrophic event occurred in Detroit in 2013?
Detroit filed for bankruptcy with debts of up to $20 billion.
What water crisis occurred in Flint in 2014?
Switching water source to the Flint River led to contamination and health issues.
What was a significant health issue linked to the Flint water crisis?
Elevated blood lead levels in children and an outbreak of legionnaires disease.
True or False: Deindustrialisation only affects the economy of inner cities.
False.
