Urban area & rapid migration to it - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Question 1

Location & pop.

Answer 1

South East coast of Brazil

Pop of 6.9m in 1960, pop of 13.4 m in 2019

Question 2

Push factors

Answer 2

• Terrible housing in surrounding rural areas
• High IM due to lack of food, water, electricity, sewage etc.
• Lack of schools, shops, etc.

Question 3

Pull factors

Answer 3

• more job availability
• better access to services like schools, hospitals,
• Stories of successful migrants encouraging them to join corporations
• higher wages

Question 4

Problems

Answer 4

• Growth of shanty - favelas eg:- Rocinha
• Increased crime - nearly 4000 murders in 2019
• Inadequate health and sanitation facilities - Raw sewage has been draining straight into Guanabara bay –> reducing marine life –> algae bloom –> commercial fishing down 90%
• Mountainous relief restrict growth of transport network –> used by everyone –> congestion
• Mountains also trap photochemical smog
• Social inequality and wealth gap: richest 1% earns 13% income; poorest 50% earn 12% income
• Lack of services like edu, health,
• Shanties built on unstable land bc less space –> risk of landslide and fire

Question 5

Management

Answer 5

• Govt assisting favela owners by providing building mat and breeze blocks as long as they improve house
• Moving some out to low cost basic housing with amenities –> but huge waiting list
• More community policing. Stronger ties between locals and police –> still drug gang problems.