Urban Flashcards
The characteristics of the CBD
Near the oldest part of town Expensive land values Lack of open space High density of roads and buildings High traffic and pedestrian flows Shops and businesses
Tall multi storey buildings to fit more in
Buses and railway stations
Cultural/ historical buildings
Tourist information
Central locations for - roads, railway stations
Changes in the CBD
Explain/describe
Traffic free areas - As the CBD became busier, there was an increase in traffic congestion and air pollution.
An increasing demand for leisure activities, eating, drinking, and entertainment
Demand for housing - Old building converted into houses because they were no longer needed.
Small local shops gone out of business and have been replaced by chain stores.
New offices, hotels and conference centres makes the CBD more attractive for business and tourism.
Pedestrian streets with within the CBD increases the safety and makes shopping more accessible and pleasant.
Multistorey car parks close to shopping and entertainment centres to make them more accessible.
New and renovated tourist facilities and cultural attractions encourages tourism in the city centre.
altered road networks - one way systems, bus lanes, trams and cycle lanes. These lead to smotter traffic flow and encourages people to use public transport.
Modern city centre shops and new shopping malls makes the CBD more attractive for both businesses and shoppers.
Refurbished buildings reinforce Edinburghs importance as the Scottish capital.
The characteristics of the inner city
High levels of pollution - more cars and factories
Terraced housing
Located near a body of water to transport materials from factories.
Close to transport
Little open space because of the large density of housing and buildings
Grid iron street pattern to fit in as much housing as possible.
Tall factories for production of materials and objects
Close to CBD
Changes in the inner city (Edinburgh - Leith)
Explain/describe
The water of Leith basin has been upgraded with old buildings change into upmarket bars and restaurants such as mall Malmasion.
The new Scottish government m offices at Victoria Quay in Leith created 1600 full time jobs.
On commercial Quay former warehouses are new offices and high order shops and restaurants.
At Western harbour the Next Generation Gym was was built as well as 450 luxury flats.
Ocean terminal is a major shopping centre and cinema complex providing services for the local residents as well as attracting people to the area.
The Royal yacht was brought to Leith to provide a major tourist attraction.
Characteristics of the suburbs
Detached and semi detached housing
Large houses with gardens and garages
More greenery
More open space
Cheaper land values
Cul-de-sac Street patterns
Housing and streets planned
Low density because there is more space
Local schools nearby for children
Local shops for everyday essentials
Quieter and attractive environment (near the countryside)
Low levels of air pollution because its far away from the CBD.
rural urban fringe
Definition
The rural urban fringe is found at the edge of a town or city and is where town meets country. It is common for this area to have a mixture of land uses such as some housing, golf courses, alotments, business parks and airports.
The characteristics of the rural urban fringe
Open countryside - fields, gold courses, parks, forests
Cheaper land values
Less traffic congestion
Easier access and a better road infrastructure
A pleasant environment with more open space
Greenbelts - a green belt is an area of land around an urban area where development is severly restricted.
The rural urban fringe characteristic
- GREENBELTS
A greenbelt is an area of land around an urban area where development is severly restricted.
Out of town shopping centres- ADVANTAGES
The gyle
Less busy Cheaper land values Large space for car parks Accessible Jobs
Lower land values so the developers could afford the large areas of land needed
Accessible via the city bypass and motorways, public transport meaning it influences people to go.
Out of town shopping centres - DISADVANTAGES
The Gyle
Increases level of pollution on the outer parts of the city due to people driving here.
Attracts people away from the CBD and some shops in the CBD may close.
Local shops in Corstorphine may also close down
Increase traffic congestion at peak times in the area due to peoole commuting to work.
Traffic problems - Edinburgh
More people owning cars means a greater volume of cars on the roads.
Increase in volume of goods being transported by road.
More people commuting to work than ever before.
Roads are narrow and were never meant for cars
Increase in pollution
Traffic solutions - Edinburgh
greenways - these are bus lanes that help speed up journey times and give buses priority at key junctions
Modern buses - more comfortable and a frequent service. Over 100mill has been invested. This will reduce traffic because more people will choose public transport.
Bypass- built around the edge of Edinburgh to ease traffic flows through the city centre and to allow traffic to bypass the cramped CBD.
One way systems - traffic can only go one way with increases traffic flow and reduces congestion in the CBD.
Parking restrictions means it is more expensive to park and encourages oeople to take the bus.
Park and ride- oark for free on edge of city then ride the bus into the city. This reduces the amount of cars.
Cycle lanss - just for bikes so the bikes don’t slow down traffic
Trams - link yo Airport, rimless pollution and carry lots of people, but they are expensive.
Shanty towns characteristics
Rio dejanerio- Brazil
Cramped- no room for transport facilities (bin lorries aswell)
Scrap materials used to build the shanty towns which is unsafe
1 room to house 10 people
No rubbish collection do it is dumped wherever which is very unhygienic
No sewage system so waste is left in the street and pollutes the drinking water
One tap and toilet will serve 100 people
Most homes are places of work
Problems in shanty towns
Rio de janerio
Poor housing and services Lack of health care and education High levels of crime High levels of unemployment Lack of space Competition for jobs - not enough jobs Disease and poor sanitation Overpopulation- high population density Fires spread quickly Water restricted
Solutions to shanty town problems
Rio de janerio
Self help schemes - Brazilian government provide the favela residents with basic materials to help improve houses and living conditions. This is a bottom up approach. The people also learn new skills which provides them a better chance of getting a job in the future.
Site and service schemes - government try to upgrade basic services to improve the favela conditions. Top down approach.
Project cingapura - the Brazilian government clear large areas of favela and build Tower blocks to replace and rehouse the residents.
Non-governmental organisations - international volunteers help educate and mentor favela residents. This gives them opportunities they need to improve their living conditions.
Pacification campaign - the Brazilian army and police gave advanced warning to drug Lords etc to leave the favela before the military were sent in to take control. This helps reduce crime in the favelas and makes the area of living safer for the residents.
