Coasts

Question 1

Stage: Corrosion - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)

Answer 1

Water flings pebbles and rocks against the coastline wearing it away.

Question 2

Stage: Attrition - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)

Answer 2

Bits of rocks are bashed together and the break each other into smaller and smaller pieces.

Question 3

Stage: Solution - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)

Answer 3

Water dissolves rock due to acids contained in the sea water (like a tablet in water).

Question 4

Stage: Hydraulic action - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)

Answer 4

Water is forced into cracks and forces the cracks apart, widening it.

Question 5

Stage: destructive wave

Answer 5

Destructive waves are created in storm conditions. They are big, strong, high energy waves. They tend to erode the coast as they have a stronger backwash than swash.

Question 6

Stage: constructive wave

Answer 6

They are created in calm weather. They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches. They have a stronger swash than backwash.

Question 7

Formation of a headland and bay

Answer 7

Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosion processes

Stage 3: formation of headland and bay
- coastlines have alternating bands of hard and soft rock. Hard rock is more resistant to erosjonal processes forming a headland. Soft rock is less resistant forming a bay.

Question 8

Formation of a cave

Explain all stages

Answer 8

Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process

Stage 3: formation of a cave
- a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.

Question 9

Formation of arches

Answer 9

Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process

Stage 3: formation of a cave

• a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
• the cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland forming a natural arch.

Question 10

Formation of stacks and stumps

Answer 10

Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process

Stage 3: formation of a cave

• a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
• the cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland forming a natural arch.
• the arch collapses and leaves a stack. A stump is made when the stack erodes away.

Question 11

Formation of a wave cut notch and platform

Explain stages

Answer 11

Stage1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional processes

Stage 3: formation of a cliff
- the soft rock erodes easily to create gently sloping cliffs. The hard rock is more resistant and erodes slowly to create steep cliffs.

Stage 4: formation of a wave cut notch and platform
- firstly, the weather weakens the top of the cliff and the sea attacks the base of the cliff forming a wave cut notch. The notch increases in size causing the cliff to collapse. The backwash carries the rubble towards the sea forming a wave cut platform. The process repeats itself at the cliff continues to repeat.

Question 12

Explain the process of longshore drift

Answer 12

Draw diagram with labels:

1) strong swash, breaks at an angle (driven by a prevailing wind)
2) weak backwash
3) material deposited

Question 13

Formation of a sand spit

Answer 13

Stage 1: constructive wave
Stage 2: longshore drift

Stage 3: formation of a sand spit

• draw diagram for a coastline
• longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form.

Question 14

Formation of a sand-bar

Answer 14

Stage 1: constructive wave
Stage 2: longshore drift 
Stage 3: formation of a sand spit
- draw diagram for a coastline
- longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form.

Stage 4: formation of a sandbar
- A sandbar is formed when a spit connects to a 2nd headland. A lagoon formation behind.

Question 15

Formation of a tombolo

Answer 15

Stage 1: constructive wave
Stage 2: longshore drift 
Stage 3: formation of a sand spit
- draw diagram for a coastline
- longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form. 

Stage 4: formation of a tombolo

• draw diagram?
• a tombolo forms when a sand spit connects a headland to a small island just off the coast.

Question 16

Leisure and tourism - coastal land uses

Answer 16

Tourism gets a lot of business due to many activities taking place along the coast such as watersports.

Question 17

Fishing - coastal land uses

Answer 17

The coasts often provide natural harbours where fishing ports can be built.

Question 18

Arable farming - coastal land uses

Answer 18

The soils are more fertile and the land is flatter allowing machinery to work.

Question 19

Energy - coastal land uses

Answer 19

Off shore wind farms are a good use of the coasts conditions as the strong winds can generate alot of energy.

Question 20

Housing - coastal land uses

Answer 20

People choose to live along the coast because of its beauty and relaxing lifestyle.

Question 21

Industry - coastal land uses

Answer 21

Many industries like to locate near the coast because it is easy to trade because deep water ports allow ships easy access.

Also flat coastal land is easy to build on.

Question 22

Nature reserves - coastal land uses

Answer 22

Wild life refugees and sanctuaries are found on the coast and are often protected areas designed to preserve the habitats and wildlife.