Coasts Flashcards
Stage: Corrosion - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)
Water flings pebbles and rocks against the coastline wearing it away.
Stage: Attrition - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)
Bits of rocks are bashed together and the break each other into smaller and smaller pieces.
Stage: Solution - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)
Water dissolves rock due to acids contained in the sea water (like a tablet in water).
Stage: Hydraulic action - types of erosion (C.A.S.H)
Water is forced into cracks and forces the cracks apart, widening it.
Stage: destructive wave
Destructive waves are created in storm conditions. They are big, strong, high energy waves. They tend to erode the coast as they have a stronger backwash than swash.
Stage: constructive wave
They are created in calm weather. They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches. They have a stronger swash than backwash.
Formation of a headland and bay
Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosion processes
Stage 3: formation of headland and bay
- coastlines have alternating bands of hard and soft rock. Hard rock is more resistant to erosjonal processes forming a headland. Soft rock is less resistant forming a bay.
Formation of a cave
Explain all stages
Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process
Stage 3: formation of a cave
- a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
Formation of arches
Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process
Stage 3: formation of a cave
- a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
- the cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland forming a natural arch.
Formation of stacks and stumps
Stage 1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional process
Stage 3: formation of a cave
- a cave is formed when large cracks are made from hydraulic action. The crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
- the cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland forming a natural arch.
- the arch collapses and leaves a stack. A stump is made when the stack erodes away.
Formation of a wave cut notch and platform
Explain stages
Stage1: destructive wave
Stage 2: 4 erosional processes
Stage 3: formation of a cliff
- the soft rock erodes easily to create gently sloping cliffs. The hard rock is more resistant and erodes slowly to create steep cliffs.
Stage 4: formation of a wave cut notch and platform
- firstly, the weather weakens the top of the cliff and the sea attacks the base of the cliff forming a wave cut notch. The notch increases in size causing the cliff to collapse. The backwash carries the rubble towards the sea forming a wave cut platform. The process repeats itself at the cliff continues to repeat.
Explain the process of longshore drift
Draw diagram with labels:
1) strong swash, breaks at an angle (driven by a prevailing wind)
2) weak backwash
3) material deposited
Formation of a sand spit
Stage 1: constructive wave
Stage 2: longshore drift
Stage 3: formation of a sand spit
- draw diagram for a coastline
- longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form.
Formation of a sand-bar
Stage 1: constructive wave Stage 2: longshore drift Stage 3: formation of a sand spit - draw diagram for a coastline - longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form.
Stage 4: formation of a sandbar
- A sandbar is formed when a spit connects to a 2nd headland. A lagoon formation behind.
Formation of a tombolo
Stage 1: constructive wave Stage 2: longshore drift Stage 3: formation of a sand spit - draw diagram for a coastline - longshore drift transports material along the coast. A spit forms where the coastline changes direction. Calm, sheltered, shallow water is needed for a spit to form. Behind the spit, a salt march may form.
Stage 4: formation of a tombolo
- draw diagram?
- a tombolo forms when a sand spit connects a headland to a small island just off the coast.
Leisure and tourism - coastal land uses
Tourism gets a lot of business due to many activities taking place along the coast such as watersports.
Fishing - coastal land uses
The coasts often provide natural harbours where fishing ports can be built.
Arable farming - coastal land uses
The soils are more fertile and the land is flatter allowing machinery to work.
Energy - coastal land uses
Off shore wind farms are a good use of the coasts conditions as the strong winds can generate alot of energy.
Housing - coastal land uses
People choose to live along the coast because of its beauty and relaxing lifestyle.
Industry - coastal land uses
Many industries like to locate near the coast because it is easy to trade because deep water ports allow ships easy access.
Also flat coastal land is easy to build on.
Nature reserves - coastal land uses
Wild life refugees and sanctuaries are found on the coast and are often protected areas designed to preserve the habitats and wildlife.
