Glaciation

Question 1

The formation of a glacier

Answer 1

Snow collects and accumulates in North facing hollows. The snow compacts and compresses to form glacial ice.

Question 2

Formation of a corrie

Answer 2

Stage 1: formation of a glacier
Stage 2: movement
Stage 3: erosion processes

Stage 4 - formation of a corrie
- snow falls in North facing hollows and forms ice. Plucking steepens the back wall and abrasion deepens the floor. The ice will deposit material at the edge of the corrie called a “lip”, when ice melts a small loch can form.

Question 3

3 erosional processes

Answer 3

• plucking - ice freezes onto rocks and pulls them off of the landscape.
• abrasion - rocks stuck to the base and sides of the glacier grind away the rock.
• freeze thaw - water enters cracks on the rocks, freezes and expands putting pressure on the rock, causing the rock to break apart.

Question 4

Stage: movement

Answer 4

The glacier moves downhill due to gravity and basal sliding. Basal sliding occurs when friction causes a thin layer of ice to melt.

Question 5

Formation of an arete

Answer 5

Stage 1 - formation of a glacier
Stage 2 - movement of a glacier
Stage 3 - 3 erosional processes
Stage 4 - formation of a corrie

Stage 5 - formation of an arete
- an arete is formed when 2 corries form back to back or side to side creating a sharp ridge.

Question 6

Formation of a pyramidal peak

Answer 6

Stage 1 - formation of a glacier
Stage 2 - movement of a glacier
Stage 3 - 3 erosional processes
Stage 4 - formation of a corrie

Stage 6 - formation of a pyramidal peak
- formed when 3 corries form back to back, creating a jegged peak.

Question 7

Formation of a U-shaped valley

Answer 7

Stage 1: formation of a V-shaped valley
- formed through vertical erosion of a river

Stage 2 - formation of a glacier
- snow collects and accumulates in a V-shaped valley. It compacts and compresses to form glacial ice.

Stage 3 - movement of a glacier
Stage 4 - 3 erosional processes

Stage 5: formation of a U-shaped valley
- plucking steepens the valley sides and abrasion deepens and flattens the valley floor. The river left behind is called a misfit stream.

Question 8

Formation of a truncated spur

Unlikely to be in exam

Answer 8

Stage 1: formation of a V-shaped valley
Stage 2 - formation of a glacier 
Stage 3 - movement of a glacier
Stage 4 - 3 erosional processes 
Stage 5 - formation of a U-shaped valley 

Stage 5 - formation of a truncated spur
- a truncated spur exists because a ridge has been cut off sharply by the ice that flowed down the main valley.

Question 9

Forestry - glaciation land uses

Answer 9

• land in Scotland, especially in upland areas, is kept for hunting
• trees need a lot of rainfall so the upland area is well suited for their growth.
• although tree production is less profitable than arable farming, trees can be planted on the unsuitable areas for farming making it an efficient use of the land.

Question 10

Farming - glaciation land uses

Answer 10

• sheep farming because the sheep can withstand the harsher weather conditions and upland areas are: cold, wet, windy and have poor soil so they are unsuitable for growing crops. Also machinery is unable to access the steep slopes.

Question 11

Renewable energy - glaciation land uses

Answer 11

• wind turbines are perfect for this area because of the high winds.
• hydroelectric could also take place by damming a water source.

Question 12

Tourism - glaciation land uses

Answer 12

• skiing because corries have steep walls and are perfect in winter months when snow is falling.
• Aretes - Hill walking because the sharp ridges provide a challenge.
• pyramidal peak can be used for rock climbing as many reach a summit point.
• lakes and tarns are suitable for watersports.
• upland areas are good for: photography and bird watching due to beautiful scenery.

Question 13

Quarrying / industry - glaciation land uses

Answer 13

• materials such as granite are found in upland areas. This is useful for building materials.

Question 14

Water storage and supply - glaciation land uses

Answer 14

• hard rock type such as granite provide a perfect landscape for water storage. Also there is rain and snow melting and its not near pollution and therefore perfect for a water source.

Question 15

Tourists Vs farmers - glaciation land use conflicts

Answer 15

Dogs off leads can lead can scare sheep and result is miscarriages. This means a loss of profit for the farmer.
- signs can be issued to keep dogs on leads and park rangers can be employed to monitor and issue fines. This will reduce the amount of sheep deaths.

Tourists trample crops
- footpaths can be constructed, fences can be built to separate crops from footpaths .

Stone walls destroyed
- historic Scotland fix can replace the walls ti reduce the farmers cost.

Question 16

Tourists vs locals - glaciation land use conflicts

Answer 16

Not enough houses for locals as tourists use houses as holiday homes. This means that locals are struggling to aquire a permanent home.
- rules can be put in place which means tourists must prove they visit the area regularly to reduce the amount of homes not being used.

Tourists drive to areas and leave cars over drive ways and contest the streets.
- build car parks and improve public transport to reduce the amount of cars.

Question 17

Industry vs tourists - glaciation land use conflicts

Answer 17

Quarry blasting puts tourists off because off the noise pollution.
- blasting can only occur at certain times of the day.

Dust produced by transportation from the quarry
- cover lorries with plastic sheeting, water is used to dampen dust.

Wind turbines look unsightly
- plant more trees as natural barriers or olace the wind turbines out at sea.

Question 18

Formatiob of a V-shaped valley

Answer 18

Formed through vertical erosion from a river.