Upper respiratory tract anatomy Flashcards
List the bones of the skull
Frontal, Parietal, temporal, Occipital, Maxilla, Nasal, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoidal, Zygomatic, Vomer, Palatine
What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity made up of?
Ethmoid bone, Vomer bone, Septal cartilage
What is the function of the Cribriform plate?
To allow the olfactory nerve and arteries into the nasal cavity
What is the organisation of the meatuses and conchae?
Meatus, Superior concha, meatus, middle concha, meatus, inferior concha, meatus
What are the paranasal sinuses and where are they located?
Frontal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary and Sphenoidal. In the bones of the same name
What are the main arteries of the head?
Common carotid, External and internal carotid, External splits into Maxillary and Facial arteries, Internal splits into Ophthalmic and brain arteries
What do the Maxillary, facial and Ophthalmic arteries supply?
Maxillary - Nasal mucosa, Maxillary and Sphenoidal sinuses
Facial - Anterior nasal cavity, lips
Ophthalmic - Eyes, Ethmoidal and frontal sinuses
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve and what do they supply?
Ophthalmic - Frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and Posterior nasal cavity
Maxillary - Maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and anterior nasal cavity
Mandibular - Jaw and lower face
Where do the sinuses drain into?
Maxillary, ethmoidal and frontal sinuses drain into the middle meatus (between middle and inferior concha). Sphenoidal drains into the meatus superior to the superior concha
What are the symptoms of sinusitis?
Nasal blockage, congestion or obstruction, Nasal discharge, Reduced sense of smell, Headache from frontal sinus, Toothache from the maxillary sinus
What are the sections of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx
What are the muscles of the pharynx and which nerves supply them?
3 circular constrictors - Superior, middle and inferior (all vagus nerve)
3 longitudinal elevators - Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus and Stylophanyngeus (Stylopharyngeus is glossopharyngeal but others are vagus)
2 palate muscles - Levator veli palatini (vagus) and Tensor veli palatini (mandibular division of the trigeminal)
What are the 9 laryngeal cartilages?
Cricoid, 2 arytenoid, thyroid, 2 conriculate, 2 cuneiform and epiglottis
What are the laryngeal membranes and what do they connect?
Thyrohyoid membrane - Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid membrane - Cricoid and thyroid cartilages
What are the vocal folds made from and how are they controlled?
Ligaments which span from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage and are abducted and adducted by muscles in the larynx
