Pharmacology of respiratory drugs

Question 1

What are the effects of muscarinic antagonists in the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Bronchodilation

Question 2

What are the effects of B2 agonists in the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Bronchodilation

Question 3

What are the types of B2 agonists?

Answer 3

SABA - short acting B agonists
SAMA - short acting muscarinic antagonists
LABA - long acting B agonists
LAMA - long acting muscarinic antagonists

Question 4

What are ADRs of B2 agonists?

Answer 4

Hypoxaemia
hypokalaemia
tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Skeletal muscle tremor

Question 5

How are SAMAs and LAMAs administered generally?

Answer 5

Nebuliser

Question 6

What are ADRs of muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 6

Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Paradoxical bronchoconstriciton

Question 7

How do methylxanthines work?

Answer 7

inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors which causes prolonged relaxation of smooth muscle - Theophylline

Question 8

What are ADRs of methylxanthines?

Answer 8

CNS stimulation
GI disturbances
Hypokalaemia
CV effects
(narrow therapeutic window)

Question 9

How do the leukotriene antagonists work?

Answer 9

Prevent binding of leukotrienes to receptors and thereby cause their effects to be reduced

Question 10

What are the effects of leukotrienes?

Answer 10

Eosiniphil recruitment
Bronchoconstriction
Mucus secretion
Exudate production

Question 11

What are examples of leukotriene antagonists?

Answer 11

Montelukast, Zafirulukast

Question 12

How do corticosteroids work?

Answer 12

alter gene transcription to generate more anti-inflammatory and prevent pro-inflammatory

Question 13

What are examples of corticosteroids?

Answer 13

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Question 14

What are corticosteroid ADRs?

Answer 14

Adrenal depression
Osteoporosis
Cushing's Syndrome (metabolic)
Suppression of infection response
GI upset
Hypertension