pH Homeostasis and Blood gas analysis Flashcards
1
Q
What pH is acidosis? What does it do the the CNS?
A
<7.35 and comas (underactivity)
2
Q
What pH is alkalosis? What does it do to the CNS?
A
> 7.45 and seizures (overactivity)
3
Q
How is pH controlled?
A
Various buffers - seconds
Ventilation adjustments - minutes
Renal excretion - hours
4
Q
What happens in respiratory acidosis?
A
PCO2 is high due to decrease in gas exchange
5
Q
What are common causes of respiratory acidosis?
A
Drugs, smoking Asthma COPD Pneumoconiosis Bronchitis ARDS Poliomyelitis Kyphoscoliosis Myasthenia gravis Muscular dystrophies Obesity Hypoventilation
6
Q
What happens in respiratory alkalosis?
A
PCO2 is low due to hyperventilation
7
Q
What are common causes of respiratory alkalosis?
A
Pain, anxiety, phycosis Fever Meningitis Encephalitis Trauma High altitude Pneumonia Pulmonary oedema Aspiration Sever anaemia Pregnancy/Progesterone Pulmonary embolism Cardiac failure
8
Q
What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?
A
Diarrhoea
Renal failure
diabetes
drugs
9
Q
What are common causes of metabolic alkalosis?
A
Persistent vomiting Gastric suction Hyperaldosteronism Chronic hypokalaemia Duiretics
10
Q
What is the standard [HCO3-] range?
A
22-26 mmol/L
