Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the body?

Answer 1

Rest and Digest:
Increased salivation
Slowed HR
Bronchoconstriction
Increased motility
Contraction of detrusor
Relaxation of sphincter

Question 2

Which molecule acts as the neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 2

ACh

Question 3

How is ACh reuptake achieved?

Answer 3

Acetylcholine esterase = ACh –> Acetyl + Choline

Choline is taken up by transporter

Question 4

What types of ACh receptors are found in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

Nicotinic - Pre-ganglion to post-ganglion

Muscarinic - Post-ganglion to target cell

Question 5

How does intracellular signalling for muscarinic ACh receptors work?

Answer 5

Gq is activated upon ACh binding
Phospholipase C (PLC) converts PIP2 to IP3
IP3 binds to Sarcoplasmic reticulum and causes Ca2+ release
Ca2+ causes contraction via MLCK

Question 6

What do muscarinic agonists do?

Answer 6

Salivation
Slowed heart rate
Bronchoconstriction
Increased motility
Contraction of detursor
Relaxation of sphincter

Question 7

What do muscarinic antagonists do?

Answer 7

Dry mouth
Increased HR
Bronchodilation
Decreased motility
Relaxation of detursor
Contraction of sphincter

Question 8

What are 3 muscarinic agonists?

Answer 8

ACh - naturally occuring
Muscarine - not used
Pilocarpine

Question 9

What are 3 muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 9

Atropine - uncharged
Ipratropium - charged + fast acting + short duration
Tiotropium - charged + slow acting + long duration

Question 10

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 10

Prevent acetylchonine esterase from being broken down
Prevents the reuptake of ACh into the call body
Causes ACh activity to be prolonged

Question 11

What are symptoms of Novichok poisoning?

Answer 11

SOB
HR down
Sweating
Mucus build up in pleura

Question 12

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?

Answer 12

Fight or flight:
HR up
Bronchodilation
Increased sweating
Decreased motility
Release of adrenaline
Relaxation of detursor
Constriction of sphincter

Question 13

What are the molecules involved in Sympathetic neurotransmission?

Answer 13

ACh - Pre-ganglionic to post-ganglionic

Noradrenaline - Post-ganglionic to target cell

Question 14

What are the types of sympathetic receptors?

Answer 14

a-adrenergic receptors (a1 + a2)

b-adrenergic receptors (b1 + b2)

Question 15

What is the order of relative potency of a-adrenergic receptors?

Answer 15

Adrenaline > noradrenaline > Isoprenaline

Question 16

What is the order or relative potency for b-adrenergic receptors?

Answer 16

Isoprenaline > adrenaline > noradrenaline

Question 17

What type of receptor is find in the salivary gland?

Answer 17

A1 adrenergic

Question 18

What type of receptor is found in the heart?

Answer 18

B1 adrenergic

Question 19

What type of receptor is found in the lungs?

Answer 19

B2 adrenergic

Question 20

What type of receptor is found in the gut?

Answer 20

A1 + B1 adrenergic

Question 21

What type of receptor is found in the blood vessels?

Answer 21

A1 + B2 adrenergic