Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy CP > Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of upper and lower respiratory tracts?

A
  • Upper: nasal cavity and sinuses, pharynx

- Lower: larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • Primary: transport of gases, surface for gas exchange

- Secondary: phonation and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some common upper respiratory tract infections?

A
  • Common cold
  • Sinusitis
  • Tonsilitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classify the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract

A
  • Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  • Lamina propria- thin layer of CT part of the mucous membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 cell types found in the respiratory epithelium?

A
  • Progenitor cells in the basal lamina that produce goblet cells
  • Goblet cells
  • Psuedostratified ciliated columnar cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe goblet cells

A
  • Apocrine or merocrine

- Secretion of mucus (Gel-like complex of proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classify the epithelium in the back of the throat

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinised)

- Food makes contact here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classify epithelium of small bronchioles and alveoli

A
  • Small bronchioles= cuboidal epithelium

- Alveoli: simple squamous, type 1 pneumocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the muco-ciliary escalator?

A
  • Co-ordinated movement of cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the external nares?

A
  • Nostrils with hairs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the nasal conchae and what is their purpose?

A
  • Superior, middle (formed by ethmoid bone)
  • Inferior (individual bone
  • Also meatus beneath each one to increase SA
  • Moisten air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are choanae?

A
  • Internal nares that joint the throat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are paranasal air sinuses?

A
  • Air spaces in skull surround nasal cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the frontal sinus

A
  • Lined with respiratory epithelium, inside frontal bone
  • Infunribrulum drains into frontonasal duct which drains frontal sinus
  • Ethmoidal cells also drain here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe ethmoidal cells

A
  • Openings of middle ethmoid cells drain into bulla ethmoidalis
  • Openings of posterior ethmoid–> lateral wall of superior meatus
    • Above this is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess drain?

A
  • Drains sphenoid sinus§
17
Q

Where does the sphenoid-palatine foramen drain?

A
  • Lateral and posterior end of superior meatus
18
Q

Where is the hiatus semi-lunaris found?

A
  • Under ethmoid bulla

- Maxillary sinus drains into this

19
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A
  • For balance

- Drains into middle ear

20
Q

Where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct found and what does it drain?

A
  • Under inferior concha

- Drains eyes and nose

21
Q

How many openings are there on each side of the nose?

A
  • 11 on each side

- 22 in total

22
Q

Summarise where each sinus and duct opens into

A
  • Sphenoidal air sinus–> spenoethmoidal recess
  • Posterior ethmoidal sinuses–> superior meatus
  • Middle ethmoidal sinuses–> bulla ethmoidalis
  • Maxillary sinus–> hiatus semilunaris
  • Anterior ethmoidal sinuses–> hiatus semilunaris
  • Frontal sinus–> infundibulum
  • Nasolacrimal duct–> inferior meatus
23
Q

Describe nerve supply to the nasal cavity

A
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic) supplies all nasal cavity
  • Found in pteryomaxillary fissure
24
Q

What two nerves in the pterygopalatine ganglion made up of?

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve- branch of cranial nerve VII (facial)
  • Maxillary nerve- middle branch of cranial nerve V2 (trigeminal nerve)
25
Q

What supplies the roof of nasal cavity?

A
  • Olfactory nerves
  • Cranial nerve I
  • Sense of smell
26
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the nasal cavity

A
  • Ophthalmic artery (anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries branches)
  • Sphenopalatine artery from maxillary (lateral and septal branch)
  • Both maxillary and ophthalmic come from external carotid artery
27
Q

Describe what happens with a nose bleed

A
  • Kiesselbach’s plexus formed from branches of anterior ethmoid
      • superior labial artery (and a bit of greater palatine artery)
  • Rupture of plexus is bad for those with comprised haemostasis
28
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the nasal cavity

A
  • Sphenopalatine vein–> pterygoid venous plexus–> maxillary vein–> internal jugular vein
29
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary (in cheeks)
  • Sphenoidal
  • Ethmoidal air spaces (surround orbit of the eye)
30
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Warm and moisten air
  • Lightens weight of cranium
  • Crumple zone to protect vital structure
  • Mechanical and thermal insulation of orbit
  • Regulates intranasal pressure
  • Acts as a reservoir (aids in olfaction)
31
Q

What is sinusitis?

A
  • Inflammation and swelling of mucosa
  • Local pain
  • Swelling of mucosa
  • Difficulty of drainage blocks openings
32
Q

What would happen in sinusitis of the maxillary sinus?

A
  • Opening difficult to move
  • Requires incision in root of mouth and draniage
  • Treat with antibiotics
33
Q

What would happen in sinusitis of the frontal sinus?

A
  • Gravity will drain the mucus
34
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx- pos tip of inf + mid conchae to tip of uvula (soft palate)
  • Oropharynx- tip of uvula to tip of epiglottis, squamous stratified epithelium
  • Laryngopharynx- tip of epiglottis to false vocal folds, respiratory epithleium
35
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A
  • Inflammation of tonsils
36
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A
  • Swelling of palatine tonsils

- Soar throat

37
Q

What infections could occur in the pharynx?

A
  • Rhinitis
  • Tonsilitis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Persistent cough
38
Q

Describe Waldeyer’s Rung

A
  • Top= Adenoid
  • Tubal tonsils
  • Visible palatine tonsils
  • Lingual tonsil in mouth
  • Tonsils are full of lymphocytes and immune cells

Anatomy CP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions