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Anatomy CP > Thoracic Cavity > Flashcards

Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Lungs
  • Trachea
  • Heart
  • Oesophagus
  • Great vessels
  • Azygos system
  • Thoracic duct
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Thymus gland
  • Bronchi
  • Pleural membranes
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2
Q

What nerves are found in the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Vagus and phrenic

- Sympathetic chain and splanchnic nerves

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3
Q

What are the components of the serous pericardium?

A
  • Parietal layer

- Visceral layer

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4
Q

Describe the vagus nerve and what are its two branches?

A
  • Runs down with the carotid artery

- Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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5
Q

Describe the passage of the L recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • Loops under arch of aorta
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6
Q

Describe the passage of the R recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • Under right subclavian vein

- More posterior to phrenic nerve

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7
Q

Where do the pleural membranes join?

A
  • Root of the lung
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8
Q

Which pleura is thicker?

A
  • Parietal
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9
Q

What happens to the pleural membranes at the base of the lung?

A
  • Part to form costodiaphragmatic recesses for lung expansion
  • T12 at the back up to T6 in the front follow fissures of the lung
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10
Q

What are the 5 layers of the visceral pleura?

A

1) Mesothelial layer- serous fluid
2) CT layer
3) Superficial layer (elastic)- stretch
4) Loose subpleural CT layer (vessels, nerves)
5) Deep fibre-elastic layer

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11
Q

Which pleural membrane is sensitive to pain, touch, temp and pressure?

A
  • Parietal pleura
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12
Q

What nerve supplies the costal pleura?

A
  • Ribs

- Intercostal nerve

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura?

A
  • Heart

- Phrenic nerve

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14
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragmatic pleura?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Phrenic
  • Lower 6 intercostal nerves
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15
Q

What is the visceral pleura sensitive to?

A
  • Stretch but not pain and touch
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16
Q

What is the nervous supply of the visceral pleura?

A
  • Pulmonary plexus

- PNS and SNS only

17
Q

What is the blood supply of the parietal pleura?

A
  • Intercostal, internal thoracic and musculophrenic
18
Q

What is the blood supply of the visceral pleura?

A
  • Bronchial vessels
19
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the parietal pleura

A
  • Intercostal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic lymph nodes
20
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the visceral pleura

A
  • Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in the hilum of the lung
21
Q

What does the pleural membrane connect and why?

A
  • Connection between the rib cage and the lung tissue

- As both layers are connected to each other

22
Q

What are the two recesses of the lung and what is their function?

A
  • Costodiaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal
  • Allow expansion of the lung
23
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A
  • Fluid build-up in the pleural cavity
  • Meniscus (upright)
  • Decubitus (meniscus on the side)
24
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A
  • Air in the pleural cavity
  • Collapsed lung due to elastin
  • Uncoupling of lung from chest wall
  • Likely to be one-sided- comprises saturation, less ventilation
25
Q

What type of pneumothorax might occur during trauma?

A
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Penetrating injury
  • Wound acts as a valve
  • Increased air in pleural cavity
  • This can cause tracheal deviation towards the normal lung
26
Q

What are the signs of pneumothorax?

A
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Increased heart rate
  • Cyanosis
27
Q

How can a tension pneumothorax result in cardiac arrest?

A
  • Mediastinum shifted towards normal lung
  • Obstructs venous return
  • Circulatory instability
  • Cardiac arrest, therefore quick treatment
28
Q

What is thoracentesis?

A

Fluid taken from pleural space- diagnostic/therapeutic

29
Q

What structures do you have to go through to reach the parietal pleura in thoracentesis?

A
  • Skin, subcutaneous fat, internal and external intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, fascia, parietal pleua
  • Draw fluid
30
Q

What is a chest drain?

A
  • Removal of fluid from a cavity
  • Triangle of safety
  • 5th intercostal space as there are no major vessels or nerves
31
Q

Where is the mediastinum found?

A

At the sternal angle

32
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
  • Arch of aorta, pulmonary trunk, oesophagus, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve
33
Q

What are the contents of the anterior inferior mediastinum?

A
  • Thymus
  • Internal thoracic arteries and veins
  • Lymphatics and lymph nodes
34
Q

What are the contents of the middle inferior mediastinum?

A
  • Heart and pericardium
  • Ascending aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Sup and inf vena cava
  • R+L pulmonary veins, arteries, phrenic nerves
  • Lymph nodes
35
Q

What are the contents of the posterior inferior mediastinum?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Azygos system
  • Vagus nerves
  • Primary bronchi
36
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

A
  • Posteriorly- first thoracic vertebra (T1)
  • Laterally- first pair of ribs
  • Forms lateral C-shaped curves posterior to anterior
  • Anteriorly- costal cartilage of 1st rib and superior border of manubrium
37
Q

What structures pass through the midline of the thoracic inlet?

A
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • Thoracic duct
38
Q

What structures pass through posteriorly through the thoracic inlet from medial to lateral?

A
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Supreme intercostal vein
  • Superior intercostal artery

Anatomy CP (8 decks)

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