The Lymphatic System Flashcards
What is the main function of the peripheral vascular system?
- Transport blood from heart via great vessels to outlying areas
What are the three parts of the subclavian?
- Medial- medial to scalenus anterior, branch-vertebral artery (thyrocervical trunk- 4 branch)–> brain, internal thoracic intercostal arteries
- Scalenus- costocervical trunk- 2 branches- supreme intercostal
- Lateral- lateral to scalenus anterior
Describe the thyrocervical trunk
- 4 branches (neck, shoulder)
- Ascending cervical, inferior thyroid (larynx), suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery
Describe the costocervical trunk
- 2 branches
- Deep cervical branch, supreme intercostal artery
- 2 branches: 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries
What are the 8 branches of the common carotid?
1- superior thyroid artery 2- ascending pharyngeal artery 3- lingual artery 4- facial artery 5- occipital artery- back of skull 6- posterior auricular artery- behind ear 7- maxillary artery 8- superficial temporal artery (2 branches frontal and parietal)
What mnemonic can be used to remember the 8 branches of the common carotid?
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
What are 3 jugular veins?
- Exterior (relatively small)
- Interior (large)
- Anterior
What is the danger triangle of the face?
- Most veins drain into cavernous sinus- multidirectional drainage
- Staph aureus- on skin (when spots are popped)- enters venous system goes into facial vein–> angular vein–> ophthalmic vein–> cavernous vein
- Encephalitis
Describe the branching of the subclavian artery
- Becomes axillary artery
- Between lateral end of 1st rib to inferior end of trees major
Describe the branching of the axillary artery
- Lateral thoracic artery
Describe the palmar arches
- Superficial palmar arch more anterior than the deep palmar arch
Where are blood samples taken?
- Median cubital vein/ cephalic vein- easy access
Describe the branching of the external iliac artery
- Goes past inguinal ligament
- Femoral artery
- Branch of this is femoral profunda and another branch is the superficial femoral artery
Describe the arterial supply of the leg
- Genicular artery- insides of the knee
- Dorsalis pedis- allows pulse to be felt (artery usually ischaemis due to diabetes)
- Femoral artery becomes popliteal after passing popliteal fossa–> tibioperoneal artery (3 branches: anterior and posterior tibial and perineal artery)
What are the risk factors to the vascular structure of the lower limbs?
- Vascular occlusion
- Cholesterol, high BP, diabetes, smoking obesity, family history, unhealthy
Describe deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
- Occluded by plaques/ blood clot (Stasis of returning blood–> clot (thrombus)
- Due to surgery, cancer, trauma, lack of movement, obesity, smoking , pregnancy
- DVT–> pulmonary embolism - e.g. pos tibial vein–> femoral–> ext iliac–> common iliac–> inf vena cava–> RA–> tricuspid valve-> RV–> pulmonary valves-> pulmonary trunk
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?
- Subclavian artery
Describe the thoracic duct
- Drains into L. subclavian artery
- Runs up anterior surface of thoracic wall
- Left to right cross over at sternal angle
What is the cisternal chylli?
- Sac
- Abdomen- lymphatics pick up nutrients and enter them into blood stream at point where jugular and subclavian veins join together
Where are parasternal lymph nodes found?
- Either side of sternum
- Drain into thoracic duct or bronchomediastinal lymph ducts
What do the right lymphatic and thoracic ducts drain?
- RLD- right side of head, neck, upper thorax and right arm
- TD- everything else
- Severent afferent lymphatic vessels but only one efferent lymphatic vessel in a lymph node
What is lymphedema?
- Leakage of lymph into surrounding tissue- causes swelling and pitting (press down and dent stays onskin
What is a lymphoma?
- Cancer of lymphoid tissue- Hodgekins or non-Hodgkins
What is elephantiasis?
- Lymphatic filariasis
- Parasitic worms from mosquitos that block lymph vessels
What are lymphadenopathies?
- Enlarged lymph nodes from infection/ inflammation
What are ascites?
- Pathological accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Describe the path of lymph flow
- Afferent lymphatics- lymph to lymph node from peripheral tissue
- To subscapular space- reticular fibres, macrophages and dendritic cells here
- Next, outer cortex- B cells within germinal centres resemble lymphoid nodules
- Then, lymph sinuses in deep cortex- dominated by T cells
- Continues to medullary sinus at core of lymph node- B cells and plasma cells
- Efferent lymphatics leave node at hilum, collect lymph from medullary sinus to carry to venous circulation
