Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy CP > Embryology of the Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Embryology of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lungs derived from?

A
  • Primitive gut tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term used for the developing lungs?

A

Respiratory diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the direction of growth for the respiratory diverticulum?

A

Ventral

- Forward form both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the gut tube is the oesophagus derived from?

A
  • Mid-gut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the trachea and oesophagus separate?

A
  • Tracheo-oesophageal septuplets which then forms them as two separate entities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which week do the two lung buds begin to bifurcate?

A
  • Week 6

- Origins of left and right lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the opening of the respiratory diverticulum

A

Laryngeal orifice

  • Changes from hole to T shape
  • Above epiglottis and below trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the thyroid gland develop from?

A

Forman cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the branching of the bronchi

A
  • Dichotomous branching
  • 2 sets on left lung and 3 sets on right
  • Primary to secondary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does dichotomous branching of bronchi mean for the size of lung?

A
  • Lateral enlargement of the lung

- Pushes into the coelomic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the two layers of the coelomic cavity

A
  • Visceral (inside)

- Parietal pleura (outside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of epithelium derived from the foregut?

A
  • Endoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mesoderm?

A

(splanchnic)

- Muscles, cartilage, connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what week does definite trachealis muscle develop?

A
  • Week 13
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the trachea-oesophageal fistula?

A
  • False passage between two spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe oesophageal atresia

A
  • 4 types

- No opening

17
Q

What is the danger in oesophageal atresia types C, D and E?

A
  • Direct connections to lungs
  • Any milk swallowed goes directly to fill the lungs
  • Needs surgical repair
18
Q

What can atresia cause?

A
  • Polyhydramnios- excess fluid in amniotic sac

- Foetus not swallowing the fluid- pre-term, respiratory distress

19
Q

What does the diaphragm form from?

A
  • Septum transversum- inferior to heart

- Pleuroperitoneal canals- connect primitive thorax from primitive abdomen

20
Q

How does the septum transverses grow?

A
  • Grows dorsally (backwards) cuts off peritoneal canals
21
Q

What are the embryological components of the diaphragm?

A
  • Front–> septum transversum
  • Centrally –> oesophageal mesoderm peritoneal membrane
  • Circumferentially –> body wall mesoderm
22
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A
  • Improper meeting of septum transverses and peritoneal cavity (more on left) 80%
  • Stomach and intestines herniate through opening into thorax
  • Reduce space for lung and reduce diaphragmatic action
  • Heart moved
23
Q

What are the 4 stages of respiratory tract development?

A
  • Pseudoglandular stage
  • Canalicular stage
  • Saccular stage
  • Alveolar stage
24
Q

Describe the pseudo glandular stage

A
  • 5-17 weeks
  • No development of respiratory bronchi
  • At birth- no survival, only conducting tissue
25
Q

Describe the canalicular stage

A
  • 16-25 weeks

- Terminal sacs formed- limited respiration (cuboidal epithelium) possible if infant is born here

26
Q

Describe the saccular stage

A
  • 24 weeks- birth
  • Alveolar sacs develop- increases SA
  • Epithelium gets smaller
  • Blood-air-barrier is thin
  • Production of surfactant
27
Q

Describe the alveolar stage

A
  • Late foetal to age 8

- Formation of alveoli, type 1 pneumocystis, fusion of basal alumina between capillaries and type 1 cells

28
Q

How many generations of dichotomous branching are there in uterine life?

A
  • 17
29
Q

How many generations of dichotomous branching are there after birth?

A
  • 6
30
Q

What is pulmonary hyperplasia?

A
  • Incomplete development of the lungs
  • Decreased number/size of segments/alveoli
  • Respiratory function is low
31
Q

Describe infant respiratory distress syndrome

A
  • After 25 weeks- surfactant should be produced (phospholipid)
  • Before birth lungs are normally filled with fluid- surfactant or amniotic
  • If there is no surfactant- alveolar collapse/lung collapse and t2 pneumocystis failure
  • Decreased SA–> Poor respiration

Anatomy CP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions