Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy CP > Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax?

A

Area between neck and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the thorax consist of?

A
  • Thoracic cage (ribs), thoracic wall (muscles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is contained in the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Heart
  • Great vessels
  • Lungs
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classify the manubriosternal joint

A
  • Secondary cartilaginous joint

- Symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At what level is the sternal angle found?

A
  • T4/5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classify the 12 ribs

A
  • 7 true
  • 3 false
  • 2 floating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Heart shaped body
  • Transverse process blunt (ribs)
  • Spinous process angled down
  • Only level below vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the clinical relevance of T2/3?

A
  • Jugular notch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical relevance of levels T4/5?

A
  • Sternal angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical relevance of T9?

A
  • Xiphisternal joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the clinical relevance of L3?

A
  • Costal margin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of a typical rib (3rd to 9th)

A
  • Head- Capitulum
  • 2 facets- superior (attaches to inferior facet or superior vertebra)
  • Tuberculum articulates with transverse process (Facet)
  • Head end of rib articulates with vertebrae (above and below)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classify the costovertebral joint

A

Plane synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classify the costo-transverse joint

A

Plane synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Classify the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Double synovial joint (2 joint cavities)- Saddle joint

- Surrounded by anterior sternoclavicular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the interclavicular ligament

A
  • Join two clavicles together (medial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the costoclavicular ligament

A
  • Between the clavicle and first rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classify rib 1

A

Syndchondrosis joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Classify ribs 2-7

A
  • Synovial chondrosternal joints

- Between cartilage and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the ribs

A
  • Thoracic aorta–> posterior thoracic artery –> segmental intercostal arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the arterial route that leads to diaphragm supply

A
  • Subclavian arteries
  • Internal thoracic artery (either side of sternum to costal margin)
  • Anterior thoracic artery
  • Musculophrenic artery branch (supplies diaphragm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the anastamoses in the arterial supply?

A
  • Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastamose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which areas do the segmental intercostal arteries not supply?

A

Intercostal spaces 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the arterial supply of 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

A
  • Subclavian artery
  • Costocervical trunk
  • Supreme intercostal arteries
  • 1st and 2nd intercostal arteries
25
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the diaphragm

A
  • Musculophrenic vein (diaphragm)
  • Anterior internal thoracic vein (both sides of sternum)
  • Brachiocephalic veins
26
Q

Which veins drain the thorax

A
  • Posterior intercostal vein:
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein
  • Hemiazygos vein
  • Azygos vein
27
Q

What does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

A
  • Superior half of left thorax

- Then travels across vertebrae (T8/9) and drains into azygos vein

28
Q

What does the hemiazygos vein drain?

A
  • Inferior half of left thorax

- Travels across vertebrae (T8/9) and drains into azygos vein

29
Q

Where does the posterior right intercostal vein drain?

A
  • Azygos vein
30
Q

What happens to the azygos vein at the sternal angle?

A
  • Over primary bronchus

- Drains into superior vena cava

31
Q

Which veins drain the 1st intercostal vein and where do they drain into?

A
  • Right and left SUPREME intercostal veins

- Drain into brachiocephalic vein

32
Q

What does the superior intercostal vein drain?

A
  • Drains 2nd, 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces

- 2nd, 3rd, and 4th posterior intercostal veins drain into this vein

33
Q

Where do the superior intercostal veins drain into?

A
  • On the left into accessory hemiazygos vein + brachiocephalic vein
  • On the right into the arch of azygos vein- into the superior vena cava
34
Q

What are the names of the lymph nodes on either side of the sternum?

A
  • Parasternal lymph nodes
35
Q

What is the name of the lymph nodes on either side of the vertebral column?

A
  • Paravertebral lymph nodes
36
Q

Where is the thoracic duct found?

A
  • Midline of anterior face of vertebrae- from cisterna chyli
37
Q

What happens to the thoracic duct at the sternal angle?

A
  • Left and drains into angle between and left jugular vein
38
Q

From what levels do the posterior and anterior intercostal nerves arise from?

A
  • T1-12
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Around each individual rib
39
Q

Where is the endothoracic fascia found?

A
  • Between intercostal muscles and parietal pleura
40
Q

When does posterior intercostal become anterior intercostal?

A

Anterior side of thorax

41
Q

Describe the direction of the external intercostal muscle

A
  • Hands in pockets
42
Q

Describe the direction of internal and innermost intercostal muscles

A
  • Hands to chest
43
Q

What nerves supply the external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A
  • Intercostal nerves
44
Q

What is the location and function of the transversus thoracis muscle?

A
  • Inside thorax - attaches to sternum

- Accessory muscle for respiration

45
Q

Describe quiet inspiration

A
  • Diaphragm contracts
  • External intercostals contract
  • Thoracic volume increases
46
Q

Describe quiet expiration

A
  • Inspiratory muscles relax
  • Rib cage descends
  • Elastic recoil of lungs
  • Thoracic volume decreases
47
Q

Describe forced inspiration

A
  • Scalenes, sternocleidomastoid muscles and pectorals contract
48
Q

Describe forced expiration

A
  • Accessory- abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis and obliques)
49
Q

Where is the internal intercostal membrane found?

A
  • Near vertebra where there is no muscle in the space
50
Q

Where is the neurovascular bundle found?

A
  • In costal groove
51
Q

Describe the order of nerves and vessels in the neurovascular bundle?

A
  • Superior to inferior:

- Vein, artery and nerve

52
Q

Why is the right dome of the diaphragm higher than the left?

A
  • Liver pushing up underneath
53
Q

Describe the visceral pleura

A
  • Shiny surrounding lungs
54
Q

Describe the parietal pleura

A
  • Shiny attached to ribs
55
Q

Where are both pleura also present?

A
  • Fissures of the lung
56
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A
  • Phrenic nerve

C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

57
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the diaphragm

A
  • Intercostal arteries supply periphery of diaphragm
  • Musculophrenic artery supplies centre of diaphragm (front half)
  • Pericardiophrenic artery from intercostal artery (runs with phrenic nerve, not seen)
  • Superior and inferior phrenic artery
58
Q

Describe the venous supply of the diaphragm

A
  • Musculophrenic veins

- Inferior phrenic veins (no superior) under diaphragm

Anatomy CP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions