Upper Respiratory Tract

Question 1

Indications for imaging the URT

Answer 1

Retching, coughing/ gagging, tachypnea
Stridor (larynx)- high pitch
Stertor (nasal)- snoring
Insp. dyspnea (worsen with exercise/ heat)
Nasal/ oral discharges

Question 2

What conditions are secondary to tracheal FBs

Answer 2

Bronchiole obstruciton → atelectitic
Air trapping (air can’t leave lungs)
Infection/ abscesses
Lung abscess → bronchopneumonia

Question 3

Inspiration

Answer 3

If high neg pressure in extra-thoracic trachea→ collapse

Question 4

Expiration

Answer 4

If high positive pressure in intra-thoracice trachea→ collapse

Question 5

Tracheal collapse

Answer 5

Due to weakening of the tracheal cartilages

Question 6

Tracheal stenosis

Answer 6

Narrowing in one location in the trachea
Due to lesions causing narrowing (trauma*, congenital)

Question 7

Which breeds are predisposed to tracheal collapse

Answer 7

Small breeds (yorkies)
Obesity

Question 8

Thoracic inlet : tracheal diameter (TLR)

Answer 8

Measures tracheal collapse
Normal: 0.2
Brachys: 0.16
Bulldogs: 0.11

Question 9

Tracheal Hypoplasia

Answer 9

Congenital dz in bulldogs (trachea narrowed for life)
TLR > or = to 2.0

Question 10

Tracheal hemorrhage

Answer 10

Rodenticide toxicity in dogs
Causing mucosal hemorrhage, pulm/ plueral and mediastinal hemorrhage