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!Diagnostic Imaging > Non-cardiovascular thorax > Flashcards

Non-cardiovascular thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Pectus Exacavatum

A

Deviation of the sternum into the thoracic cavity
Congenital anomaly

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2
Q

External lesions that appear as lung nodules

A

Teats/ mammary glands
Skin masses (lipomas)
Ticks
Dirt and debris

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3
Q

Extrapleural sign

A

Invagination of the pleura into the thoracic cavity with a broad base appearance
Smooth margins
Can appear as lung lesion, look for pleural effusion

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4
Q

Pleural effusion causes

A

Rupture of the thoracic duct (chylothorax)
Hemorrhage (hemothorax)
Accumulation of pus (pyothorax, empyema)
Hypoproteinemia
Neoplasia (lymphosarcoma, rib tumors)
Diaphragmatic hernia
Idiopathic

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5
Q

Pleural effusion causes in cats

A

Heart failure
FIP, HCM and chylothorax

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6
Q

Radiogrpahic findings associate with pleural effusion

A

Leafing of lung lobes (fluid separating lobes/ retraction)
Fluid radiopacity between retracted lung lobes and thoracic wall
Pleural fissures
Rounding of costophrenic angles (VD)
Obscured cardiac silhouette and diaphragm

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7
Q

Which views are best to see pleural fissures

A

Right lateral and dorsal recumbency (VD)

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8
Q

Whats the next step to dx the type pf pleural effusion?

A

Thoracocentesis and fluid analysis

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9
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural space
Associated with thoracic trauma (open pneumothorax)
Tension pneumothorax (air from inside thorax)

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10
Q

Rad findings of pneumothorax

A

Retraction of lung lobes in caudo-dorsal thorax
Air (radiolucency) between retracted lung lobes and wall
Elevation of heart from the sternum by a radiolucency

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11
Q

When does tension pneumothorax occur?

A

When pleural space pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure during both phases of resp.
Lung collapse more than open pneumothorax
Requires immediate thoracocentesis

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12
Q

Whats seen on rads with tension pneumothorax?

A

Unilateral pulmonary collapse
Cd. displacement of diaphragm
Contralateral mediastinal shift
Cavitary lesions (cause)

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13
Q

Abnormal diaphragm

A

Outline irregular shape
Outline not visualized due to obscurity
Silhouette sign

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14
Q

Congenital hernias

A

Peritoneal pericardial (within a sealed sac)
Hiatal (Shar-pei, occurs immediately)

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15
Q

Traumatic hernias

A

Commonly right side and ventral
Dx: gas filled bowel loops in thoracic cavity

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16
Q

What is used to dx a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Barium study
Positive contrast peritoneogram (celiogram)

17
Q

Medastinum

A

Potential space between 2 pleural sacs
Incomplete in dogs and cats

18
Q

What is located in the mediastinal spaces?

A

Cr: trachea, thymus, LNs and esophagus
Middle: heart, LNs and esophagus
Cd: aorta, CVC, esophagus

19
Q

Common medastinal conditions

A

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Mediastinal masses (CHANG)
Esophageal dz
Pneumomedastinum
Mediastinitis

20
Q

Differentials for mediastinal masses

A

Benign: hematoma, fibroma, cyst
Malignant masses
Thymic (thymoma)
Lymphoma
Ectopic thyroid mass

21
Q

Rad findings of medastinal masses

A

Widening of the cr. medastinum
Displacement of trachea

22
Q

Widened cranial mediastinum

A

More than twice the width of overlying vertebrae
Note the location of the trachea and location of mass

23
Q

Differentials for widened mediastinum

A

Enlarged LNs, thymic dz, esophageal dz, soft tissue masses, fat, edema and infection

24
Q

Thoracic LNs

A

Sternal: dorsal to rostral sternebrae
Cr. mediastinal: ventral to trachea
Tracheobronchial (hilar): around hilus of lungs

25
Q

Pneumomedastinum (air in medastinum)

A

Serosal border of trachea, esophageal adventitia and branches of aortic arch visible
Source of gas: trachea, esophagus, neck trauma

26
Q

Causes of pneumomedastinum

A

Iatrogenic
Endotracheal intubation
Jug venopuncture
Transtracheal wash

27
Q

Signs of esophageal dz

A

Ventral deviation of trachea
Dorsal stripe sign
Dilated esophagus

28
Q

Differentials for esophageal dz

A

Megaesophagus, FBs, esophageal masses, vascular ring anomaly, stricture, esophagitis

29
Q

10 radiograph signs of trauma

A

Hypovascular lung field/ microcardia
Soft tissues swelling, SQ/ soft tissue emphysema
Fractured ribs
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary hemorrhage/ contusions/ lacerations/ collapse
Pleural effusion
Diaphragmatic hernia
Pneumomedastinum
Cavitary lesions (blebs/ bullae)
Pericardial effusion

30
Q

Cavitary pulmonary lesions

A

Nodular lesions of pulmonary dz with radiolucent cavities
Bullae, blebs, granulomas, abscesses, necrotic neoplasams, bronchogenic cysts

31
Q

Blebs/ bullae

A

Blebs (subpleural) → pneumothorax
Bullae (intraparenchymal) → pneumomedastinum

!Diagnostic Imaging (18 decks)

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