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!Diagnostic Imaging > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Rads for spine

A

Good for spinal column
Problems: complex anatomy = superimposition of structures, improper positioning, and underestimation of extent or presence of pathology

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2
Q

How to position the patient properly for spinal rads

A

Sedation and anesthesia
Helps promote motion artifact, relaxes contracted muscles and anatomy of the vertebral column is complex

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3
Q

What rad views are good for the spine?

A

Lateral and VD views
Collimation of the x ray beam
If subluxations take lateral first

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4
Q

Vertebral alignment

A

Spinal curvature
Subluxation/ luxation
Fracture

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5
Q

Spinal Curvature

A

Lordosis: Ventral devation
Kyphosis: Dorsal deviation
Scoliosis: Lateral deviation

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6
Q

Atlantoaxial subluxation (aa luxation or aa instability)

A

Dorsal displacement of axis with respect to atlas (SC compression)

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7
Q

Congenital atlantoaxial subluxation

A

Aplastic/ hypoplastic dens
Malformation in ligaments that support aa joint
Toy/small breeds

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8
Q

Acquired aa subluxation

A

Any breed
Fracture of the dens or rupture of the aa ligmanents

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9
Q

Rad views of aa luxation

A

Later and VD (minimum)
Lateral oblique (dens viewed without suprimporsed wings of atlas)
Flexed lateral (use extreme caution)

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10
Q

Rad findings of aa luxation

A

Widened space between dorsal C1 and C2 spinous process
Blunting/ absence of dens

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11
Q

Radiographic findings of subluxation/ luxation of T-L spine

A

Narrowed intervertebral disc space
Displacement

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12
Q

Block vertebrae

A

Fusion of 2 or more vertebral bodies
More common in cervical spine
Sacrum is normal block vertebrae

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13
Q

With block vertebrae there’s an ↑ risk of __________

A

IVDD

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14
Q

Hemivertebrae

A

Abnormal development/ ossification of vertebrae
Common in screw-tailed breeds
Abnormal rib spacing a clue

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15
Q

Wedge-shaped hemivertebrae

A

Ventral aspect incompletely developed
Causes kyphosis
Best seen in lateral views

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16
Q

Butterfly-shaped hemivertebrae

A

Mid aspect of body incompletely developed
Best seen in VD/DV views

17
Q

K9 vertebral formula

A

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd18-21

18
Q

Feline vertebral formula

A

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd6-23

19
Q

Equine vertebral formula

A

C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd15-21

20
Q

Where do transitional vertebrae occur

A

@ junctions cervicothoracic (C7,T1), Thoracolumbar (T13,L1), lumbosacral (L7,S1)

21
Q

Transitional vertebrae

A

When vertebrae @ one of the junctions exhibits anatomic characteristics of adjoining region
C7 vestigal ribs, hypoplastic ribs of T13 or L1, fusion of L7 transverse process with ilial wing

22
Q

What causes decreased opacity on spinal rads?

A

Focal/ multifocal osteopenia (neoplasia, discospondylitis, spondylitis)

23
Q

Discospondylitis

A

Infection of the intervertebral disc and endplates

24
Q

Radiographic findings of discospondylitis

A

Endplate lysis and sclerosis
Narrowing/ collapse of intervertebral disc space
New bone formation/ spondylosis deformans

25
Q

Spondylosis Deformans

A

Benign dz showing ↑ opacity
Middle aged and geriatric animals
Smooth bony proliferation ventrally

26
Q

Radiographic findings of intervertebral disc dz

A

Narrowed intervertebral disc space
Mineralized disc material

27
Q

Myelogram

A

Positive contrast media injected into the subarachnoid space surrounding the SC
Non-ionic iodinated contrast only

28
Q

Indications for myelogram

A

Outlining of SC in vertebral canal helps to determine of surgical lesion is present → SC compression or swelling, extent of lesion

29
Q

Complications of myelogram

A

Seizures
Vomiting/ nausea
Transient muscle spasms
Transient apnea
Death

30
Q

Myelography procedure

A

General anesthesia and survey radiographs
Sterile prep of surgical site (cerebellomedullary cistern/ atlanto-occipital junction)
Lumbar L5/L6 or L4/L5

31
Q

Extradural lesion

A

Intervertebral disc herniation
Hemorrhage
Ligamentous hypertrophy
Neoplasia
Subluxation/ luxation
Stenosis

32
Q

Intradural- extramedullary lesions

A

Subarachnoid
Diverticulum/ cyst
Neoplasia
Fungal granuloma

33
Q

Intramedullary lesions

A

Edema
Contusion
Neoplasia
Fungal granuloma

!Diagnostic Imaging (21 decks)

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