Equine Upper Resp. System

Question 1

How to obtain radiographs in a horse?

Answer 1

Standing position + sedation
Left to right lateral view or DV
Cassette placed on the side of the lesion and ventral to the mandible
Keep beam perpendicular to the cassette

Question 2

What is the equine upper resp tract composed of?

Answer 2

Nasal cavity (concha and meatus)
7 pairs of paranasal sinuses
Pharynx, larynx, eustachian tube diverticulum (GP)

Question 3

Common paranasal sinuses

Answer 3

Maxillary (2 compartments)
Conchofrontal (frontal, dorsal conchal)
Ventral conchal

Question 4

What structures can be identified in the lateral view?

Answer 4

Nasal bone
Nasal cavity (dorsal, ventral and ethmoidal conchae and meatuses)
Frontal sinus

Question 5

Where are the maxillary sinuses on the lateral view?

Answer 5

Rostral (level of P4, M1 and M2)
Caudal ( M3)- curves more caudally

Question 6

Common conditions of the sinuses

Answer 6

Infection (fluid lines) must have air, fluid and gravity
Masses (CHANG- cysts, hematomas, abscesses, neoplasias, granulomas)

Question 7

Sinusitis

Answer 7

Secondary to other conditions (tooth root abscesses, ethmoid hematoma, fractures)
Presented with stertorous (noisy breathing)

Question 8

Masses in the nasal cavity

Answer 8

Well- marginated soft-tissue opacity extending medial to the right molar teeth
Stertorous breathing and nasal discharge