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!Diagnostic Imaging > Juvenile musculoskeletal Disease > Flashcards

Juvenile musculoskeletal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic Opacities

A

Air → fat → ST and fluid → bone → metal
lucent to opaque

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2
Q

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

A

Osteroarthritis/ osteoarthrosis
Common: intra-capsular ST, osteophytes, enthesophytes

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3
Q

Osteophytes

A

Physiologic attempt to stabilize joint
Outgrowth of the bone at the margin of the articular surface (within joint capsule)

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4
Q

Osteophytes pathophysiology

A

Abnormal joint cartilage loading → cartilage wear/loss → development of osteophytes

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5
Q

Enthesis

A

Origin or insertion of a tendon, ligament or joint capsule to bone

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6
Q

Enthesophytes

A

New bone formation at the enthesis
Secondary to chr. strain, trauma or previous avulsion

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7
Q

Juvenile musculoskeletal classifications

A

Osteochondrosis
Panosteitis
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
Elbow/ hip dysplasia

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8
Q

Acquired musculoskeletal classifications

A

Fractures
Neoplasia

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9
Q

Osteochondrosis (OC)

A

Abnormal endochondral ossification → thickened cartilage that’s susceptible to injury
Commonly leads to DJD

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10
Q

Signalment of dogs with OC

A

Young rapidly growing large breed dogs

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11
Q

Radiographic findings of OC

A

Flattening of subchondral bone
Surrounding subchondral bone sclerosis
Mineralized cartilage flap (Joint mouse)
Kissing lesion
Joint effusion

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12
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

A

Separation of the abnormal flap of cartilage from the subchondral bone

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13
Q

OC v OCD

A

OCD: usually cannot determine from survey rads and mineralized cartilage flaps ARE seen

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14
Q

Common sites for OC

A

Shoulder (cd femoral head)
Elbow (medial aspect of humeral condyle)
Stifle (Lateral femoral condyle)
Taurus (medial ridge of talus)

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15
Q

Panosteitis

A

Self-limiting dz
Affects the bones of young, large breed dogs (shepherds, danes, rotties, labs, retrievers)
Males most commonly affected

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16
Q

Early rad findings of panosteitis

A

↑ intramedullary opacity (diaphysis near nutrient foramen)
Blurring of trabecular pattern
Medullary opacities delineated (patchy sclerosis)
smooth periosteal reaction

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17
Q

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)

A

Long bones affected in large rapidly growing dogs
Self-limiting, if severe → premature physeal closure

18
Q

Radiographic findings of HOD

A

Bilaterally symmetrical lesions
Commonly affects the metaphyses of the distal radius, ulna and tibia

18
Q

Early stage of HOD

A

ST swelling adjacent to physis
Linear irregular lysis adjacent and parallel to physis (double physis signs)

19
Q

Intermediate stage of HOD

A

Marked metaphyseal periosteal reaction due to sub-periosteal hemorrhage

20
Q

Late stage of HOD

A

Periosteal new bone blends with cortex and remodels to normal shape

21
Q

Retained Cartilage Core

A

Disruption of normal endochondral
Temporary inadequate blood supply to metaphysis → central core of cartilage not transformed to bone

22
Q

Where is retained cartilage core most common?

A

Large breeds
Incidental finding (distal ulna metaphysis)

23
Q

Radiographic findings of retained cartilage core

A

Cone-shaped radiolucent area
Narrow zone of adjacent sclerosis

24
Q

What are the developmental conditions of elbow dysplasia

A

Ununited anconeal process (UAP)
Fragmented medial coronoid process
Osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle
Joint incongruity (asynchronous growth of radius/ ulna)
all 4 don’t have to be present, + DJD, usually bilat

25
Q

Radiographic findings of Ununited anconeal process

A

Radiolucent between anconeal process and olecranon in dogs older than 5m
DJD present

26
Q

Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process (FMCP)

A

Most common developmental disorder (bilat)
Degenerative changes and no evidence of UAP or OC
Difficult to visualize fragment on rads (CT needed)

27
Q

Sometimes the cranially displaced fragment of FMCP is found on the __________ view

A

Lateral

28
Q

Radius/ ulna normal growth

A

Ulna has only one physis distal to the elbow (predisposed to damage), radius has 2
Growth from ulna physis must equal the growth from both radial physes

29
Q

Possible sequelae to premature closure of the ulnar physis

A

Humeroulnar subluxation
Radius curved (bowed radius)

30
Q

Whys is the distal ulnar physis susceptible to trauma?

A

Conical shape

31
Q

How do you tx the asynchronous growth of radius/ ulna

A

Ulnar osteotomy
cuts through ulna releasing pressure then IM pen placed → radius grows and straightens up

32
Q

Hip dysplasia

A

Abnormal development of the coxofemoral joints → DJD
Large breeds, bilat and inherited

33
Q

Normal femoral head

A

Articular margin between the acetabulum and femoral head should be parallel
50% of head covered by acetabulum
Femoral neck narrower than head with smooth margin

34
Q

What are the big things found with hip dysplasia

A

Acetabular coverage
Congruity along cr. 1/3 of joint
DJD

35
Q

Radiographic findings of hip dysplasia

A

Morgan line
Thickening of head and neck 2nd to osteophytosis
Osteophytosis of the cr. and cd. acetabular rim
Flattening/ Sclerosis of acetabulum
Subluxation of coxofemoral joint

36
Q

Morgan line

A

Cd. curvilinear enthesophyte
Early indicator of osteoarthosis secondary to coxofemoral joint laxity

37
Q

Other names for Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Aseptic necrosis or legg-calve-perthes dz
Loss of blood supply to the proximal epiphysis

38
Q

Signalment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Mini and toy breeds
4-11m
Bilat (less than 50% of the time)

39
Q

Early rad findings of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

↑ radiolucency of the femoral head

40
Q

Later rads findings of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

↑ joint space width
Flattening/ collapse of the femoral head
Shortening and widening of the femoral neck
Secondary DJD

41
Q

Patellar luxation

A

Small breeds
Medial: congential/ developmental, small breeds
Lateral: rare

!Diagnostic Imaging (21 decks)

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